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Browsing by Author "0101137"

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Browsing by Author "0101137"

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  • Adaptive Behavior and Learning
    Staddon, J. E. R. (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
  • Did Skinner Miss the Point about Teaching?
    Staddon, John E.R. (International Journal of Psychology, 2006)
    The Darwinian metaphor, to which Skinner was an early contributor, has been a commonplace for several years. Operant learning is seen as an interplay between response emission (variation) and reinforcement (selection). ...
  • THE EFFECT OF INFORMATIVE FEEDBACK ON TEMPORAL TRACKING IN THE PIGEON
    Staddon, John E.R. (SOCIETY FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR, 1969-01)
    Pigeons emitted interresponse times that were reinforced if they fell between an upper and a lower bound (t < IRT < t + t/ 10). Brief stimuli followed each response; under some experimental conditions the color of these ...
  • Fair Profiling
    Staddon, J. E. R. (2005)
    There are several strategies available to police “stopping” suspects. Most efficient is to stop only members of the group with the highest a priori probability of guilt; least efficient is indiscriminate stopping. An ...
  • FAITH AND GOODNESS: A REPLY TO HOCUTT
    Staddon, John (Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, 2009)
    Professor Hocutt and I agree that David Hume first pointed out that “ought”—what should be done—cannot be derived from “is”—what is the case. Hocutt goes on to claim that “ought,” in fact, derives from factual observation ...
  • On Responsibility and Punishment
    Staddon, John E.R. (The Atlantic Monthly, 1995-02)
    The litany of social dysfunction is now familiar. The rates of violent crime are higher than they have ever been: Americans kill and maim one another at per-capita rates an order of magnitude higher than other industrialized ...
  • On Responsibility and Punishment
    Staddon, John E.R. (1995-02)
    The litany of social dysfunction is now familiar. The rates of violent crime are higher than they have ever been: Americans kill and maim one another at per-capita rates an order of magnitude higher than other industrialized ...
  • On Responsibility in Science and Law
    Staddon, John (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
    I argue that responsibility and determinism are not antithetical but mutually supportive ideas; that factors affecting responsibility, such as drugs and mental and physiological conditions, may be the occasion for increased ...
  • On Responsibility in Science and Law
    Staddon, John E.R. (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
    Respon’sible, liable to be called to account or render satisfaction: answerable: capable of dis-charging duty: able to pay.2 The old Chambers’s dictionary gives a behavioristic view of re-sponsibility: in terms of action, ...
  • PROBABILISTIC CHOICE: A SIMPLE INVARIANCE
    Horner, J. M.; Staddon, John (Elsevier, 1987)
    When subjects must choose repeatedly between two or more alternatives, each of which dispenses reward on a probabilistic basis (two-armed bandit), their behavior is guided by the two possible outcomes, reward and nonreward. ...
  • Rationality, melioration and law-of-effect models for choice.
    Staddon, John (Elsevier, 1992-03)
    Economists usually assume that human choice behavior is rational, by which they mean that it maximizes some utility function. Psychologists are more impressed by the evident irrationality of behavior and tend to look for ...
  • A Remarkable Book
    Staddon, John E.R. (2004-05)
    Winston Churchill in old age was presented by the House of Commons with his portrait, painted by Graham Sutherland, a well-known British artist. When the picture was unveiled in Westminster Hall, Churchill looked at it ...
  • SCIENTIFIC IMPERIALISM AND BEHAVIORIST EPISTEMOLOGY
    Staddon, John (Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, 2004)
    E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner have argued for an evolutionary ethics that allows what ought to be to be derived from what is—ethics from science. Evolution is inherently unpredictable, however, and some practices whose ...
  • Selective choice: A commentary on Herrnstein (1990)
    Staddon, John (American Psychological Association, 1991)
    Argues that R. J. Herrnstein's (see record 1990-16389-001) article on rational choice theory misrepresents the current state of free-operant choice (FOC) in animals. More precise versions of Herrnstein's dynamic mechanism ...
  • SPACED RESPONDING AND CHOICE: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
    Staddon, John E.R. (SOCIETY FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR, 1968-11)
    Pigeons were exposed to reinforcement both for short (2 < IRT < 3 sec) and long (10 < IRT < 11 sec) interresponse times. They developed bimodal interresponse-time distributions, which were decomposable into two independent ...
  • Temporal control on periodic schedules: Fine structure
    Staddon, John E.R. (Psychonomic Sociery, 1975)
    The temporal pattern of the terminal response on periodic schedules depends on when responding begins. Pigeons pecking on fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules of food reinforcement responded, or accelerated, faster the ...
  • Temporal effects of reinforcement: A negative "frustration" effect
    Staddon, John (Academic Press, 1970)
    Reinforcement omission in situations that show positive goal-gradients elevates subsequent responding (positive “frustration” effect). In this experiment, in a situation showing a negative goal-gradient, reinforcement ...
  • Theory of Behavioral Power Functions
    Staddon, John E.R. (American Psychological Association, 1978)
    Data in operant conditioning and psychophysics are often well fitted by functions of the form y = qx'. A simple theory derives these power functions from the simultaneous equations dx/x = aif(z)dz and dy/y = a j ( z ) d ...
  • TYPICAL DELAY DETERMINES WAITING TIME ON PERIODIC-FOOD SCHEDULES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC TESTS
    Wynne, C. D. L.; Staddon, John (Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1988)
    Pigeons and other animals soon learn to wait (pause) after food delivery on periodic-food schedules before resuming the food-rewarded response. Under most conditions the steady-state duration of the average waiting time, ...