Phylodynamics - the field aiming to quantitatively integrate the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving populations like those of RNA viruses – increasingly relies upon coalescent approaches to infer past ...

In practice, contracts involve "standard terms" or "rules," allowing for variations only under "exceptional" circumstances. We develop a simple model in which optimal contracts display this feature, even in the absence of ...

We report here the first attempt to produce and use whole acellular (AC) lung as a matrix to support development of engineered lung tissue from murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We compared the influence of AC lung, ...

<p>Several HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (e.g. 2F5, 4E10) have been shown to react with self-antigens, suggesting that effective humoral responses to HIV-1 may be constrained by the tolerization of HIV-reactive B cells ...

<p>The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has increased rapidly since the advent of the HIV epidemic. Although patient outcomes have improved significantly in high-income countries after the introduction of highly-active ...

<p>Emotion is known to influence multiple aspects of memory formation, which may include the initial encoding of the memory trace, its consolidation over time, and the efficacy of its retrieval. However, prior investigations ...

The probability of climate extremes is strongly affected by atmospheric circulation This study quantifies the worldwide influence of three major modes of circulation on station based indices of intense precipitation the ...

Recent studies suggest that M. tuberculosis lineage and host genetics interact to impact how active tuberculosis presents clinically. We determined the phylogenetic lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates from participants ...

We implemented a hospital-based influenza vaccination program for household contacts of newborns. Among mothers not vaccinated prenatally, 44.7% were vaccinated through the program, as were 25.7% of fathers. A hospital-based ...