The functions of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies in vitro and in mice and nonhuman primates.

Li, DapengEdwards, Robert JManne, KartikMartinez, David RSchäfer, AlexandraAlam, S MunirWiehe, KevinLu, XiaozhiParks, RobertSutherland, Laura LOguin, Thomas HMcDanal, CharlenePerez, Lautaro GMansouri, KatayounGobeil, Sophie MCJanowska, KatarzynaStalls, VictoriaKopp, MeganCai, FangpingLee, EstherFoulger, AndrewHernandez, Giovanna ESanzone, AjaTilahun, KedamawitJiang, ChuancangTse, Longping VBock, Kevin WMinai, MahnazNagata, Bianca MCronin, KennethGee-Lai, VictoriaDeyton, MargaretBarr, MaggieHolle, Tarra VonMacintyre, Andrew NStover, EricaFeldman, JaredHauser, Blake MCaradonna, Timothy MScobey, Trevor DRountree, WesWang, YunfeiMoody, M AnthonyCain, Derek WDeMarco, C ToddDenny, ThomasNWoods, Christopher WPetzold, Elizabeth WSchmidt, Aaron GTeng, I-TingZhou, TongqingKwong, Peter DMascola, John RGraham, Barney SMoore, Ian NSeder, RobertAndersen, HanneLewis, Mark GMontefiori, David CSempowski, Gregory DBaric, Ralph SAcharya, PriyamvadaHaynes, Barton FSaunders, Kevin O2022-05-032022-05-032021-02-18https://hdl.handle.net/10161/25007SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against COVID-19. A concern regarding SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is whether they mediate disease enhancement. Here, we isolated NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike from individuals with acute or convalescent SARS-CoV-2 or a history of SARS-CoV-1 infection. Cryo-electron microscopy of RBD and NTD antibodies demonstrated function-specific modes of binding. Select RBD NAbs also demonstrated Fc receptor-γ (FcγR)-mediated enhancement of virus infection in vitro , while five non-neutralizing NTD antibodies mediated FcγR-independent in vitro infection enhancement. However, both types of infection-enhancing antibodies protected from SARS-CoV-2 replication in monkeys and mice. Nonetheless, three of 31 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies had higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls. One monkey had alveolar edema and elevated bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cytokines. Thus, while in vitro antibody-enhanced infection does not necessarily herald enhanced infection in vivo , increased lung inflammation can occur in SARS-CoV-2 antibody-infused macaques.The functions of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies in vitro and in mice and nonhuman primates.Journal article2022-05-03