Beck, James BWindham, Michael DYatskievych, GeorgePryer, Kathleen M2020-12-012020-12-012010-04-010363-64451548-2324https://hdl.handle.net/10161/21797Polyploidy presents a challenge to those wishing to delimit the species within a group and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among these taxa. A clear understanding of the tree-like relationships among the diploid species can provide a framework upon which to reconstruct the reticulate events that gave rise to the polyploid lineages. In this study we apply this "diploids-first" strategy to the fern genus Astrolepis (Pteridaceae). Diploids are identified using the number of spores per sporangium and spore size. Analyses of plastid and low-copy nuclear sequence data provide well-supported estimates of phylogenetic relationships, including strong evidence for two morphologically distinctive diploid lineages not recognized in recent treatments. One of these corresponds to the type of Notholaena deltoidea, a species that has not been recognized in any modern treatment of Astrolepis. This species is resurrected here as the new combination Astrolepis deltoidea . The second novel lineage is that of a diploid initially hypothesized to exist by molecular and morphological characteristics of several established Astrolepis allopolyploids. This previously missing diploid species is described here as Astrolepis obscura. © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicinePlant SciencesEvolutionary BiologyAstrolepis"diploids-first"gapCpmissing diploidpolyploidytraG-traRMOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPSDNA-SEQUENCESCHEILANTHOID FERNSCHLOROPLAST DNAORIGINSNUCLEARCOMPLEXTREESPHYLOGEOGRAPHYHYBRIDIZATIONJournal article2020-12-01