Liao, Hua-XinLynch, RebeccaZhou, TongqingGao, FengAlam, S MunirBoyd, Scott DFire, Andrew ZRoskin, Krishna MSchramm, Chaim AZhang, ZhenhaiZhu, JiangShapiro, LawrenceNISC Comparative Sequencing ProgramMullikin, James CGnanakaran, SHraber, PeterWiehe, KevinKelsoe, GarnettYang, GuangXia, Shi-MaoMontefiori, David CParks, RobertLloyd, Krissey EScearce, Richard MSoderberg, Kelly ACohen, MyronKamanga, GiftLouder, Mark KTran, Lillian MChen, YueCai, FangpingChen, SheriMoquin, StephanieDu, XiulianJoyce, M GordonSrivatsan, SanjayZhang, BaoshanZheng, AnqiShaw, George MHahn, Beatrice HKepler, Thomas BKorber, Bette TMKwong, Peter DMascola, John RHaynes, Barton F2015-11-182013-04-25https://hdl.handle.net/10161/10902Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide a blueprint for effective vaccination. Here we report the isolation, evolution and structure of a broadly neutralizing antibody from an African donor followed from the time of infection. The mature antibody, CH103, neutralized approximately 55% of HIV-1 isolates, and its co-crystal structure with the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 revealed a new loop-based mechanism of CD4-binding-site recognition. Virus and antibody gene sequencing revealed concomitant virus evolution and antibody maturation. Notably, the unmutated common ancestor of the CH103 lineage avidly bound the transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and evolution of antibody neutralization breadth was preceded by extensive viral diversification in and near the CH103 epitope. These data determine the viral and antibody evolution leading to induction of a lineage of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, and provide insights into strategies to elicit similar antibodies by vaccination.AIDS VaccinesAfricaAmino Acid SequenceAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntigens, CD4Cell LineageCells, CulturedClone CellsCross ReactionsCrystallography, X-RayEpitopesEvolution, MolecularHIV AntibodiesHIV Envelope Protein gp120HIV-1HumansModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataMutationNeutralization TestsPhylogenyProtein Structure, TertiaryJournal article1476-4687