Lam, Ka LeungYao, Tianzhi2023-04-292023-04-292023-04-28https://hdl.handle.net/10161/27237Urban water systems have complex sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Due to its high energy consumption and intensity, domestic hot water contributes significantly to GHG emissions in the residential sector. A transition towards cleaner water heating, such as heat pumps, could dramatically reduce carbon footprint. This study investigates the spatial variation of GHG abatement potential and cost in domestic hot water across the European Union (EU). The abatement potential and cost of the same abatement scenario vary from country to country due to different economic and social contexts. Therefore, the optimal scenario for domestic hot water in each country is determined in consideration of national circumstances. Results show that climate and electricity grid mix are essential factors contributing to spatial variation. Findings suggest that the EU could phase out subsidies for traditional water heaters and replace them with incentives for heat pumps and solar water heaters.en-USGHG abatementDomestic hot waterEUUrban water systemMaster's project