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Item Open Access Complication rates associated with 3-column osteotomy in 82 adult spinal deformity patients: retrospective review of a prospectively collected multicenter consecutive series with 2-year follow-up.(Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 2017-10) Smith, Justin S; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Klineberg, Eric; Lafage, Virginie; Schwab, Frank; Lafage, Renaud; Kim, Han Jo; Hostin, Richard; Mundis, Gregory M; Gupta, Munish; Liabaud, Barthelemy; Scheer, Justin K; Diebo, Bassel G; Protopsaltis, Themistocles S; Kelly, Michael P; Deviren, Vedat; Hart, Robert; Burton, Doug; Bess, Shay; Ames, Christopher P; , on behalf of the International Spine Study GroupOBJECTIVE Although 3-column osteotomy (3CO) can provide powerful alignment correction in adult spinal deformity (ASD), these procedures are complex and associated with high complication rates. The authors' objective was to assess complications associated with ASD surgery that included 3CO based on a prospectively collected multicenter database. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected multicenter consecutive case registry. ASD patients treated with 3CO and eligible for 2-year follow-up were identified from a prospectively collected multicenter ASD database. Early (≤ 6 weeks after surgery) and delayed (> 6 weeks after surgery) complications were collected using standardized forms and on-site coordinators. RESULTS Of 106 ASD patients treated with 3CO, 82 (77%; 68 treated with pedicle subtraction osteotomy [PSO] and 14 treated with vertebral column resection [VCR]) had 2-year follow-up (76% women, mean age 60.7 years, previous spine fusion in 80%). The mean number of posterior fusion levels was 12.9, and 17% also had an anterior fusion. A total of 76 early (44 minor, 32 major) and 66 delayed (13 minor, 53 major) complications were reported, with 41 patients (50.0%) and 45 patients (54.9%) affected, respectively. Overall, 64 patients (78.0%) had at least 1 complication, and 50 (61.0%) had at least 1 major complication. The most common complications were rod breakage (31.7%), dural tear (20.7%), radiculopathy (9.8%), motor deficit (9.8%), proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK, 9.8%), pleural effusion (8.5%), and deep wound infection (7.3%). Compared with patients who did not experience early or delayed complications, those who had these complications did not differ significantly with regard to age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, smoking status, history of previous spine surgery or spine fusion, or whether the 3CO performed was a PSO or VCR (p ≥ 0.06). Twenty-seven (33%) patients had 1-11 reoperations (total of 44 reoperations). The most common indications for reoperation were rod breakage (n = 14), deep wound infection (n = 15), and PJK (n = 6). The 24 patients who did not achieve 2-year follow-up had a mean of 0.85 years of follow-up, and the types of early and delayed complications encountered in these 24 patients were comparable to those encountered in the patients that achieved 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Among 82 ASD patients treated with 3CO, 64 (78.0%) had at least 1 early or delayed complication (57 minor, 85 major). The most common complications were instrumentation failure, dural tear, new neurological deficit, PJK, pleural effusion, and deep wound infection. None of the assessed demographic or surgical parameters were significantly associated with the occurrence of complications. These data may prove useful for surgical planning, patient counseling, and efforts to improve the safety and cost-effectiveness of these procedures.Item Open Access Improvements in Outcomes and Cost After Adult Spinal Deformity Corrective Surgery Between 2008 and 2019.(Spine, 2023-02) Passias, Peter G; Kummer, Nicholas; Imbo, Bailey; Lafage, Virginie; Lafage, Renaud; Smith, Justin S; Line, Breton; Vira, Shaleen; Schoenfeld, Andrew J; Gum, Jeffrey L; Daniels, Alan H; Klineberg, Eric O; Gupta, Munish C; Kebaish, Khaled M; Jain, Amit; Neuman, Brian J; Chou, Dean; Carreon, Leah Y; Hart, Robert A; Burton, Douglas C; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Ames, Christopher P; Schwab, Frank J; Hostin, Richard A; Bess, Shay; , on behalf of the International Spine Study GroupStudy design
A retrospective cohort study.Objective
To assess whether patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery have improved over the past decade.Background
Surgery for ASD is an effective intervention, but one that is also associated with large initial healthcare expenditures. Changes in the cost profile for ASD surgery over the last decade has not been evaluated previously.Materials and methods
ASD patients who received surgery between 2008 and 2019 were included. Analysis of covariance was used to establish estimated marginal means for outcome measures [complication rates, reoperations, health-related quality of life, total cost, utility gained, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), cost-efficiency (cost per QALY)] by year of initial surgery. Cost was calculated using the PearlDiver database and represented national averages of Medicare reimbursement for services within a 30-day window including length of stay and death differentiated by complication/comorbidity, revision, and surgical approach. Internal cost data was based on individual patient diagnosis-related group codes, limiting revisions to those within two years (2Y) of the initial surgery. Cost per QALY over the course of 2008-2019 were then calculated.Results
There were 1236 patients included. There was an overall decrease in rates of any complication (0.78 vs . 0.61), any reoperation (0.25 vs . 0.10), and minor complication (0.54 vs . 0.37) between 2009 and 2018 (all P <0.05). National average 2Y cost decreased at an annual rate of $3194 ( R2 =0.6602), 2Y utility gained increased at an annual rate of 0.0041 ( R2 =0.57), 2Y QALYs gained increased annually by 0.008 ( R2 =0.57), and 2Y cost per QALY decreased per year by $39,953 ( R2 =0.6778).Conclusion
Between 2008 and 2019, rates of complications have decreased concurrently with improvements in patient reported outcomes, resulting in improved cost effectiveness according to national Medicare average and individual patient cost data. The value of ASD surgery has improved substantially over the course of the last decade.