Browsing by Author "Bamber, P"
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Item Open Access China’s New Development Strategies Upgrading from Above and from Below in Global Value Chains(2022-11-07) Gereffi, G; Bamber, P; Fernandez-Stark, KThis book examines China’s new development policies, which seek to reposition China from export platform for a diverse array of low-cost consumer goods to technological leader in sectors linked to advanced manufacturing, artificial ...Item Open Access Diverse paths of upgrading in high-tech manufacturing: Costa Rica in the electronics and medical devices global value chains(Transnational Corporations, 2019-01-01) Gereffi, G; Frederick, S; Bamber, P© 2019 UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. All rights reserved. Costa Rica has sought to improve its position in the global economy by prioritizing export growth in two high-tech manufacturing industries led by foreign direct investment (FDI): electronics and medical devices. We use a global value chain (GVC) perspective to identify key commonalities and contrasts in Costa Rica's performance in upgrading these two sectors. Because the electronics and medical devices GVCs have very different structures in Costa Rica (electronics is dominated by a single large firm, Intel, whereas medical devices has a highly diversified set of foreign manufacturers), multiple forms of upgrading, downgrading and knowledge spillovers are possible. Although the experience of these two industries illustrates different paths to upgrading, developing backward linkages in Costa Rica was not the preferred nor the only way of moving up the value chain. The medical devices sector exhibited more traditional knowledge spillovers and labor market features of local industrial agglomerations, whereas the electronics sector demonstrated significant wage and skill-level gains because of the incorporation of high-value service activities due to the evolving global strategy of its GVC lead firm, Intel. By combining a GVC perspective with a focus on knowledge flows and value creation at the local level, we seek to promote more explicit integration of international business and economic geography concepts and methods.Item Open Access Global Value Chains in Latin America: A Development Perspective for Upgrading(Global Value Chains and World Trade: Prospects and Challenges for Latin America, 2014) Fernandez-Stark, K; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GItem Open Access La promoción del trabajo decente en las cadenas mundiales de suministro en América Latina y el Caribe: Principales problemas, buenas prácticas, lecciones aprendidas y visión política(2016-07-26) Gereffi, G; Bamber, P; Fernandez-Stark, KEl informe se basa en una revisión documental, aprovechando estudios existentes sobre las cadenas mundiales de suministro (CMS), para examinar sus impactos e implicaciones en el desarrollo de las empresas nacionales, su contribución a la transformación productiva y al cambio estructural y su impacto en la cantidad y calidad de empleos en el región de ALC. Sitúa la expansión de las CMS en la región dentro de un marco analítico que reconoce tanto la dimensión de mejora económica como la social, revisando los impactos sobre las empresas y los trabajadores. Se presta especial atención a los mecanismos para regular los términos y condiciones de interacción entre las empresas y entre las empresas y los trabajadores de las CMS, con el objetivo de identificar la forma de alcanzar conjuntamente los objetivos de aumentar la competitividad y promover el empleo productivo y el trabajo decente.Item Open Access Peru in the High Quality Cotton Textile and Apparel Global Value Chain: Opportunities for Upgrading(2016-01-29) Fernandez-Stark, K; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GThis report analyses Peru’s participation in the high quality cotton textile and apparel global value chain. The textile and apparel sector is a key pillar of Peru’s manufacturing sector, while the high quality cotton has been cultivated for centuries in the country. The study uses the GVC framework to analyze Peruvian’s position and potential for upgrading in the industry. This report is part of a Duke CGGC study commissioned by the World Bank in 2015/16 to support the growth and productivity agenda in Peru with a focus on three important industries for the country: table grapes, mining equipment and pima cotton.Item Open Access Peru in the High Quality Cotton Textile and Apparel Global Value Chain: Opportunities for Upgrading(2016-01-20) Fernandez-Stark, K; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GItem Open Access Peru in the Mining Equipment Global Value Chain: Opportunities for Upgrading(2016-01-29) Bamber, P; Fernandez-Stark, K; Gereffi, GThis report analyses Peru’s participation in the high quality cotton textile and apparel global value chain. The textile and apparel sector is a key pillar of Peru’s manufacturing sector, while the high quality cotton has been cultivated for centuries in the country. The study uses the GVC framework to analyze Peru’s position and potential for upgrading in the industry. This report is part of a Duke CGGC study commissioned by the World Bank in 2015/16 to support the growth and productivity agenda in Peru with a focus on three important industries for the country: table grapes, mining equipment and pima cotton.Item Open Access Peru in the Mining Equipment Global Value Chain: Opportunities for Upgrading(2016-01-20) Gereffi, G; Bamber, P; Fernandez-Stark, K; Gereffi, GItem Open Access Peru in the Table Grape Global Value Chain: Opportunities for Upgrading(2016-01-29) Fernandez-Stark, K; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GItem Open Access Peru in the Table Grape Global Value Chain: Opportunities for Upgrading(2016-01-20) Fernandez-Stark, K; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GItem Open Access Promoting Decent Work in Global Supply Chains in Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues, Good Practices, Lessons Learned and Policy Insights(2016-07-27) Gereffi, G; Bamber, P; Fernandez-Stark, KThe report is based on a desk-based review, drawing upon existing studies of global supply chains (GSCs) to examine their impacts and implications for the development of domestic firms, their contribution to productive transformation and structural change and their impacts on the quantity and quality of jobs in the LAC region. It situates the expansion of GSCs in the region within an analytical framework that recognizes both the economic and social upgrading dimensions and the impacts on firms and workers. Special attention is given to the mechanisms for governing the terms and conditions of engagement between firms and between firms and workers in GSCs, with the aim of identifying ways to jointly pursue the goals of raising competitiveness and of promoting productive employment and decent work.Item Open Access The offshore services value chain: upgrading trajectories in developing countries(International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 2011) Fernandez-Stark, K; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GThis article analyses the offshore services industry using the global value chain approach. This industry has grown at a rapid pace over the last decade, driven principally by the search of businesses to reduce costs by unbundling and offshoring corporate services. This paper explores how developing nations have seized these growth opportunities. While developed countries consume the vast majority of global services, demand from developing economies and new end markets is beginning to grow. Supply is dominated by India, which in 2009 had 45% of the global market share for offshore services. Indian firms occupy most value chain segments and they have expanded in the South to serve both domestic and export markets. Although the quality and quantity of human capital remains the key factor in the location of offshore services, formal education is being supplemented by demand-driven training and compliance with required international professional certifications and performance standards. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Open Access The Philippines in the Aerospace Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Bamber, P; Frederick, S; Gereffi, GItem Open Access The Philippines in the Aerospace Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Bamber, P; Frederick, S; Gereffi, GThis report uses the Duke CGGC Global Value Chain (GVC) framework to examine the role of the Philippines in the global aerospace industry and identify opportunities for the country to upgrade. The Philippines is a newcomer to the growing global aerospace manufacturing industry. Although the country has been host to a major flight controls manufacturer since 1985, the industry really only began to expand within the past five to ten years. During this recent period (2007-2014), the country has rapidly ramped up its aerospace manufacturing exports, reaching US$604 million in 2014 and more than tripling employment. The industry now employs 3,000 full time and 3,000 part time workers. Although still a very small player, accounting for less than 0.15% of the global industry, this incipient growth is promising. Both foreign firms and local suppliers that have established operations in the industry have already achieved some degree of upgrading within a short timeframe. These include expanding the product lines served, obtaining essential process certifications and upgrading beyond basic assembly operations to undertake additional manufacturing processes such as machining as well as initiating procurement and engineering functions in country.Item Open Access The Philippines in the Automotive Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Sturgeon, T; Daly, J; Frederick, S; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GThis report uses the Duke CGGC Global Value Chain (GVC) framework to examine the role of the Philippines in the global automotive industry and identify opportunities for upgrading. The country’s strength in the sector is in electrical and electronic automotive components, with approximately two-thirds of its US$3.98 billion exports in 2014 falling in one of these categories. The Philippines has a particularly strong foothold in wire harnesses, exports of which increased by 129% from 2007 to 2014 to allow it to become the world’s fourth largest global exporter. The prominence of the cluster affords the country a number of upgrading opportunities moving forward. Otherwise, the relatively small size of the domestic market has constrained the development of the industry, with local companies unable to generate the economies of scale necessary to compete in an increasingly consolidated global environment.Item Open Access The Philippines in the Automotive Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Sturgeon, T; Daly, J; Frederick, S; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GItem Open Access The Philippines in the Chemical Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Bamber, P; Frederick, S; Gereffi, GThis report uses the Duke CGGC global value chain (GVC) framework to examine the role of the Philippines in the global chemical industry and identify opportunities for the country to upgrade. The Philippine chemicals sector is growing rapidly alongside economic expansion and a revival in manufacturing. By 2013, the chemicals sector as a whole accounted for 6.7% of GDP. Chemicals exports reached US$2.2 billion in 2014, approximately 3.5% of the country’s export basket. The sector’s expansion has outpaced both global and regional trade; with a compound annual growth rate of 13% since 2007, three times as fast as global exports, and twice as fast as Asian regional exports. Participation in the export market is based primarily on commodity products in the oleochemicals and petrochemicals sub-sectors. Within these segments, exports are driven by a small number of products, with the top 10 accounting for approximately threequarters of all exports. While the country is a small player in the global chemicals trade, accounting for just 0.2% of exports in 2014, it has generally been successful in carving out a presence in these niche products, and is one of the global leaders in most of its top product categories.Item Open Access The Philippines in the Chemical Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Bamber, P; Frederick, S; Gereffi, GItem Open Access The Philippines in the Paper Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Daly, J; Bamber, P; Gereffi, GThis report uses the Duke CGGC Global Value Chain (GVC) framework to examine the role of the Philippines in the global paper industry and identify opportunities for upgrading. The Philippines’ paper sector is a domestically oriented industry that provides significant indirect employment opportunities for wide swaths of workers as well as indirect exports for sectors such as electronics, food and beverage, and cosmetics. However, the country’s overall participation in the paper GVC is limited, with raw material constraints hindering export development. Abaca pulp production, a niche product category that uses the Manila hemp plant to generate specialized outputs such as tea bags and bank notes, is the country’s most dependable export, but even with the export value of abaca pulp approaching an all-time high in 2014, the overall paper industry only generated US$127 million in export revenue, 54th among 193 countries in the world.Item Open Access The Philippines in the Paper Global Value Chain(2016-05-20) Daly, J; Bamber, P; Gereffi, G