Browsing by Author "Bhutta, Zulfiqar A"
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Item Open Access Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions.(Lancet Infect Dis, 2013-12) Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Duse, Adriano; Wattal, Chand; Zaidi, Anita KM; Wertheim, Heiman FL; Sumpradit, Nithima; Vlieghe, Erika; Hara, Gabriel Levy; Gould, Ian M; Goossens, Herman; Greko, Christina; So, Anthony D; Bigdeli, Maryam; Tomson, Göran; Woodhouse, Will; Ombaka, Eva; Peralta, Arturo Quizhpe; Qamar, Farah Naz; Mir, Fatima; Kariuki, Sam; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Coates, Anthony; Bergstrom, Richard; Wright, Gerard D; Brown, Eric D; Cars, OttoThe causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences affect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many efforts have been made to describe the many different facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to effective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed.Item Open Access Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.(Nature, 2019-10-16) Burstein, Roy; Henry, Nathaniel J; Collison, Michael L; Marczak, Laurie B; Sligar, Amber; Watson, Stefanie; Marquez, Neal; Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh; Abbasi, Masoumeh; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdoli, Amir; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abrigo, Michael RM; Acharya, Dilaram; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adham, Davoud; Afshari, Mahdi; Aghaali, Mohammad; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadpour, Ehsan; Ahmed, Rushdia; Akal, Chalachew Genet; Akinyemi, Joshua O; Alahdab, Fares; Alam, Noore; Alamene, Genet Melak; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alinia, Cyrus; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almalki, Mohammed J; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Amini, Saeed; Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche; Anbari, Zohreh; Androudi, Sofia; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Fereshteh; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Arabloo, Jalal; Arefi, Zohreh; Aremu, Olatunde; Armoon, Bahram; Arora, Amit; Artaman, Al; Asadi, Anvar; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; Ashraf-Ganjouei, Amir; Assadi, Reza; Ataeinia, Bahar; Atre, Sachin R; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Azari, Samad; Babaee, Ebrahim; Babazadeh, Arefeh; Badawi, Alaa; Bagheri, Soghra; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba; Baheiraei, Nafiseh; Balouchi, Abbas; Barac, Aleksandra; Bassat, Quique; Baune, Bernhard T; Bayati, Mohsen; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Belay, Yared Belete; Bell, Brent; Bell, Michelle L; Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema; Bernstein, Robert S; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bijani, Ali; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Breitborde, Nicholas JK; Britton, Gabrielle; Browne, Annie J; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A; Car, Josip; Cárdenas, Rosario; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Cerin, Ester; Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun; Chatterjee, Pranab; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Cooper, Cyrus; Costa, Vera M; Dalal, Koustuv; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daoud, Farah; Daryani, Ahmad; Das Gupta, Rajat; Davis, Ian; Davis Weaver, Nicole; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Deribe, Kebede; Desai, Rupak; Deshpande, Aniruddha; Desyibelew, Hanna Demelash; Dey, Sagnik; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Diaz, Daniel; Doshmangir, Leila; Duraes, Andre R; Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura; Earl, Lucas; Ebrahimi, Roya; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Effiong, Andem; Eftekhari, Aziz; Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham; El Sayed, Iman; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; El Tantawi, Maha; El-Khatib, Ziad; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Enany, Shymaa; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Eyawo, Oghenowede; Ezalarab, Maha; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fareed, Mohammad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Faro, Andre; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Fentahun, Netsanet; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, João C; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foigt, Nataliya A; Foroutan, Masoud; Francis, Joel Msafiri; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fullman, Nancy; Gallus, Silvano; Gebre, Destallem Gebremedhin; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn; Gessner, Bradford D; Geta, Birhanu; Gething, Peter W; Ghadimi, Reza; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K; Golding, Nick; Gomes, Nelson GM; Gona, Philimon N; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia; Graetz, Nicholas; Greaves, Felix; Green, Manfred S; Guo, Yuming; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hall, Brian James; Hamidi, Samer; Haririan, Hamidreza; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasankhani, Milad; Hasanpoor, Edris; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Hendrie, Delia; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hird, Thomas R; Hoang, Chi Linh; Hollerich, Gillian; Rad, Enayatollah Homaie; Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hsairi, Mohamed; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Nazrul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Jürisson, Mikk; Balalami, Nader Jafari; Jalali, Amir; Javidnia, Javad; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Ji, John S; Jobanputra, Yash B; Johnson, Kimberly; Jonas, Jost B; Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kabir, Ali; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Hamed; Kalhor, Rohollah; Karami, Manoochehr; Karki, Surendra; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Khabiri, Roghayeh; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Junaid; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khang, Young-Ho; Khatab, Khaled; Khater, Amir; Khater, Mona M; Khatony, Alireza; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khazaei, Salman; Khazaei-Pool, Maryam; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kianipour, Neda; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kinyoki, Damaris K; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kolola, Tufa; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Kraemer, Moritz UG; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kris J; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kuupiel, Desmond; Lacey, Ben; Lad, Sheetal D; Lami, Faris Hasan; Larsson, Anders O; Lee, Paul H; Leili, Mostafa; Levine, Aubrey J; Li, Shanshan; Lim, Lee-Ling; Listl, Stefan; Longbottom, Joshua; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F; Lorkowski, Stefan; Magdeldin, Sameh; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Majeed, Azeem; Maleki, Afshin; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A; Manafi, Navid; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mansourian, Morteza; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Masaka, Anthony; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Maulik, Pallab K; Mayala, Benjamin K; Mazidi, Mohsen; McKee, Martin; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala M; Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miller, Ted R; Miller-Petrie, Molly K; Mills, Edward J; Milne, George J; Mini, GK; Mir, Seyed Mostafa; Mirjalali, Hamed; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mohamadi, Efat; Mohammad, Dara K; Mohammad, Dara K; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi; Mohammed, Ammas Siraj; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moodley, Yoshan; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Masoud; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Mosapour, Abbas; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Muluneh, Atalay Goshu; Mustafa, Ghulam; Nabavizadeh, Behnam; Naderi, Mehdi; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nahvijou, Azin; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith; Neamati, Nahid; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan; Nguyen, Long Hoang; Nguyen, Son Hoang; Nielsen, Katie R; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nixon, Molly R; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Nojomi, Marzieh; Noroozi, Mehdi; Nosratnejad, Shirin; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oladimeji, Kelechi E; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olfatifar, Meysam; Olum, Solomon; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Oren, Eyal; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris DV; Ortiz, Alberto; Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo; Osei, Frank B; Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; P A, Mahesh; Pagheh, Abdol Sattar; Pakhale, Smita; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Animika; Park, Eun-Kee; Parsian, Hadi; Pashaei, Tahereh; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Pereira, Alexandre; Perkins, Samantha; Pickering, Brandon V; Pilgrim, Thomas; Pirestani, Majid; Piroozi, Bakhtiar; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; Pourjafar, Hadi; Puri, Parul; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quintana, Hedley; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Zohreh; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahimzadeh, Shadi; Rajati, Fatemeh; Raju, Sree Bhushan; Ramezankhani, Azra; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rasella, Davide; Rashedi, Vahid; Rawal, Lal; Reiner, Robert C; Renzaho, Andre MN; Rezaei, Satar; Rezapour, Aziz; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Roever, Leonardo; Roro, Elias Merdassa; Roser, Max; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roshani, Daem; Rostami, Ali; Rubagotti, Enrico; Rubino, Salvatore; Sabour, Siamak; Sadat, Nafis; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Saeedi, Reza; Safari, Yahya; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safdarian, Mahdi; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza; Salam, Nasir; Salamati, Payman; Salehi, Farkhonde; Zahabi, Saleh Salehi; Salimi, Yahya; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Salomon, Joshua A; Sambala, Evanson Zondani; Samy, Abdallah M; Santric Milicevic, Milena M; Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo; Sartorius, Benn; Sathian, Brijesh; Saxena, Sonia; Sbarra, Alyssa N; Schaeffer, Lauren E; Schwebel, David C; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Shaahmadi, Faramarz; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamshirian, Amir; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Sharifi, Hamid; Sharma, Jayendra; Sharma, Rajesh; Sheikh, Aziz; Shields, Chloe; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Shuval, Kerem; Siddiqi, Tariq J; Silva, João Pedro; Singh, Jasvinder A; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Sisay, Malede Mequanent; Sisay, Solomon; Sliwa, Karen; Smith, David L; Somayaji, Ranjani; Soofi, Moslem; Soriano, Joan B; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sykes, Bryan L; Sylaja, PN; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Taveira, Nuno; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish; To, Quyen G; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran, Khanh Bao; Ullah, Irfan; Usman, Muhammad Shariq; Uthman, Olalekan A; Vahedian-Azimi, Amir; Valdez, Pascual R; van Boven, Job FM; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vasseghian, Yasser; Veisani, Yousef; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Violante, Francesco S; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Vos, Theo; Vu, Giang Thu; Vujcic, Isidora S; Waheed, Yasir; Wakefield, Jon; Wang, Haidong; Wang, Yafeng; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Ward, Joseph L; Weintraub, Robert G; Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey; Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay; Westerman, Ronny; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu; Woyczynski, Lauren; Wu, Ai-Min; Xu, Gelin; Yadegar, Abbas; Yamada, Tomohide; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Lebni, Javad Yoosefi; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Zabeh, Erfan; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zandian, Hamed; Zangeneh, Alireza; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Yunquan; Ziapour, Arash; Zodpey, Sanjay; Murray, Christopher JL; Hay, Simon ISince 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000-2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.Item Open Access Role of Pediatricians, Pediatric Associations, and Academic Departments in Ensuring Optimal Early Childhood Development Globally: Position Paper of the International Pediatric Association.(Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 2022-08-16) Uchitel, Julie; Alden, Errol; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Cavallera, Vanessa; Lucas, Jane; Oberklaid, Frank; Patterson, Janna; Raghavan, Chemba; Richter, Linda; Rikard, Blaire; Russell, Robert Ross; Mikati, Mohamad AAbstract
Early childhood (birth-8 years), particularly the first 3 years, is the most critical time in development because of the highly sensitive developing brain. Providing appropriate developmental care (i.e., nurturing care, as defined by the World Health Organization [WHO]) during early childhood is key to ensuring a child's holistic development. Pediatricians are expected to play a critical role in supporting early childhood development (ECD) through providing developmental services such as developmental monitoring, anticipatory guidance, screening, and referral to medical and/or community-based services when delay is identified. Pediatricians are also expected to serve as advocates within their clinics and communities for improved delivery of ECD services, such as advocating for increasing funding for ECD initiatives, increasing insurance coverage of ECD services, and working to increase other pediatricians' awareness of the principles of ECD and how to deliver developmental services. However, this does not always occur. Typically, pediatricians' training and practice emphasizes treating disease rather than enhancing ECD. Pediatricians are further hindered by a lack of uniformity across nations in guidelines for developmental monitoring and screening. In this article, we present the vision of the International Pediatric Association (IPA) of the roles that pediatricians, academic departments, medical training programs, and pediatric associations should fulfill to help support ECD, including raising ECD to higher levels of priority in routine pediatric care. First, we present the challenges that face these goals in supporting ECD. We then propose, with supportive literature, strategies and resources to overcome these challenges in collaboration with local and international stakeholders, including the IPA, the WHO, UNICEF, and the World Bank.Item Open Access World Health Organization and knowledge translation in maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition.(Archives of disease in childhood, 2022-07) STAGE (Strategic Technical Advisory Group of Experts); Duke, Trevor; AlBuhairan, Fadia S; Agarwal, Koki; Arora, Narendra K; Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Binka, Fred; Castro, Arachu; Claeson, Mariam; Dao, Blami; Darmstadt, Gary L; English, Mike; Jardali, Fadi; Merson, Michael; Ferrand, Rashida A; Golden, Alma; Golden, Michael H; Homer, Caroline; Jehan, Fyezah; Kabiru, Caroline W; Kirkwood, Betty; Lawn, Joy E; Li, Song; Patton, George C; Ruel, Marie; Sandall, Jane; Sachdev, Harshpal Singh; Tomlinson, Mark; Waiswa, Peter; Walker, Dilys; Zlotkin, StanleyThe World Health Organization (WHO) has a mandate to promote maternal and child health and welfare through support to governments in the form of technical assistance, standards, epidemiological and statistical services, promoting teaching and training of healthcare professionals and providing direct aid in emergencies. The Strategic and Technical Advisory Group of Experts (STAGE) for maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition (MNCAHN) was established in 2020 to advise the Director-General of WHO on issues relating to MNCAHN. STAGE comprises individuals from multiple low-income and middle-income and high-income countries, has representatives from many professional disciplines and with diverse experience and interests.Progress in MNCAHN requires improvements in quality of services, equity of access and the evolution of services as technical guidance, community needs and epidemiology changes. Knowledge translation of WHO guidance and other guidelines is an important part of this. Countries need effective and responsive structures for adaptation and implementation of evidence-based interventions, strategies to improve guideline uptake, education and training and mechanisms to monitor quality and safety. This paper summarises STAGE's recommendations on how to improve knowledge translation in MNCAHN. They include support for national and regional technical advisory groups and subnational committees that coordinate maternal and child health; support for national plans for MNCAHN and their implementation and monitoring; the production of a small number of consolidated MNCAHN guidelines to promote integrated and holistic care; education and quality improvement strategies to support guidelines uptake; monitoring of gaps in knowledge translation and operational research in MNCAHN.