Browsing by Author "Campos, Fernando A"

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    A comparison of dominance rank metrics reveals multiple competitive landscapes in an animal society.
    (Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2020-09-09) Levy, Emily J; Zipple, Matthew N; McLean, Emily; Campos, Fernando A; Dasari, Mauna; Fogel, Arielle S; Franz, Mathias; Gesquiere, Laurence R; Gordon, Jacob B; Grieneisen, Laura; Habig, Bobby; Jansen, David J; Learn, Niki H; Weibel, Chelsea J; Altmann, Jeanne; Alberts, Susan C; Archie, Elizabeth A
    Across group-living animals, linear dominance hierarchies lead to disparities in access to resources, health outcomes and reproductive performance. Studies of how dominance rank predicts these traits typically employ one of several dominance rank metrics without examining the assumptions each metric makes about its underlying competitive processes. Here, we compare the ability of two dominance rank metrics-simple ordinal rank and proportional or 'standardized' rank-to predict 20 traits in a wild baboon population in Amboseli, Kenya. We propose that simple ordinal rank best predicts traits when competition is density-dependent, whereas proportional rank best predicts traits when competition is density-independent. We found that for 75% of traits (15/20), one rank metric performed better than the other. Strikingly, all male traits were best predicted by simple ordinal rank, whereas female traits were evenly split between proportional and simple ordinal rank. Hence, male and female traits are shaped by different competitive processes: males are largely driven by density-dependent resource access (e.g. access to oestrous females), whereas females are shaped by both density-independent (e.g. distributed food resources) and density-dependent resource access. This method of comparing how different rank metrics predict traits can be used to distinguish between different competitive processes operating in animal societies.
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    Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals.
    (Science (New York, N.Y.), 2020-05) Snyder-Mackler, Noah; Burger, Joseph Robert; Gaydosh, Lauren; Belsky, Daniel W; Noppert, Grace A; Campos, Fernando A; Bartolomucci, Alessandro; Yang, Yang Claire; Aiello, Allison E; O'Rand, Angela; Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Shively, Carol A; Alberts, Susan C; Tung, Jenny
    The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other social mammals indicates that this relationship is similar across many species. In addition, experimental studies show that social interactions can causally alter animal physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These findings highlight the importance of the social environment to health and mortality as well as Darwinian fitness-outcomes of interest to social scientists and biologists alike. They thus emphasize the utility of cross-species analysis for understanding the predictors of, and mechanisms underlying, social gradients in health.