Browsing by Author "Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh"

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Open Access
Adjunctive Dexamethasone in HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis
(New England Journal of Medicine, 2016-02-11) Beardsley, Justin; Wolbers, Marcel; Kibengo, Freddie M; Ggayi, Abu-Baker M; Kamali, Anatoli; Cuc, Ngo Thi Kim; Binh, Tran Quang; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Farrar, Jeremy; Merson, Laura; Phuong, Lan; Thwaites, Guy; Van Kinh, Nguyen; Thuy, Pham Thanh; Chierakul, Wirongrong; Siriboon, Suwatthiya; Thiansukhon, Ekkachai; Onsanit, Satrirat; Supphamongkholchaikul, Watthanapong; Chan, Adrienne K; Heyderman, Robert; Mwinjiwa, Edson; van Oosterhout, Joep J; Imran, Darma; Basri, Hasan; Mayxay, Mayfong; Dance, David; Phimmasone, Prasith; Rattanavong, Sayaphet; Lalloo, David G; Day, Jeremy N
Open Access
Detection and Characterization of Human Pegivirus 2, Vietnam.
(Emerging infectious diseases, 2018-11) Anh, Nguyen To; Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu; Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc; Thanh, Tran Tan; Anscombe, Catherine; Chau, Le Ngoc; Thanh, Tran Thi Thanh; Lau, Chuen-Yen; Limmathurotsakul, Direk; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Rogier van Doorn, H; Deng, Xutao; Rahman, Motiur; Delwart, Eric; Le, Thuy; Thwaites, Guy; Van Tan, Le; Southeast Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network
We report human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) infection in Vietnam. We detected HPgV-2 in some patients with hepatitis C virus/HIV co-infection but not in patients with HIV or hepatitis A, B, or C virus infection, nor in healthy controls. HPgV-2 strains in Vietnam are phylogenetically related to global strains.
Open Access
Development and evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of Talaromyces marneffei MP1 gene in human plasma
(Mycoses, 2016-12-01) Hien, Ha Thuc Ai; Thanh, Tran Tan; Thu, Nguyen Thi Mai; Nguyen, Ashley; Thanh, Nguyen Tat; Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong; Simmons, Cameron; Shikuma, Cecilia; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Thwaites, Guy; Le, Thuy
© 2016 The Authors. Mycoses Published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH Penicilliosis caused by Talaromyces marneffei is a common AIDS-defining illness in South and Southeast Asia. Diagnosis is based on culture which can take up to 14 days for identification, leading to treatment delay and increased mortality. We developed a TaqMan real-time PCR assay targeting the MP1 gene encoding an abundant cell wall protein specific to T. marneffei. The assay's performance was evaluated in MP1-containing plasmids, clinical isolates, and plasma from HIV-infected patients with and without penicilliosis. The assay consistently detected 10 copies of MP1-containing plasmids per reaction and 100 T. marneffei yeast cells per millilitre plasma. There were no amplification with seven other Penicillium species and six other HIV-associated fungal pathogens tested. The assay was evaluated in 70 patients with AIDS: 50 patients with culture-confirmed penicilliosis and 20 patients with opportunistic infections other than penicilliosis. The diagnostic sensitivity was 70.4% (19/27, 95% CI: 51.5–84.1%) and 52.2% (12/23, 95% CI: 33.0–70.8%) in plasma samples collected prior to and within 48 h of antifungal therapy respectively. The diagnostic specificity was 100% (20/20, 95% CI: 83.9–100%). This assay provides a useful tool for the rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei infection and has the potential to improve the management of patients with penicilliosis.
Open Access
Population Pharmacodynamics of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate for Disseminated Infection Caused by Talaromyces marneffei.
(Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2019-02) Le, Thuy; Ly, Vo Trieu; Thu, Nguyen Thi Mai; Nguyen, Ashley; Thanh, Nguyen Tat; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Thwaites, Guy; Perfect, John; Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi; Hope, William
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAmB) is a first-line agent for the initial treatment of talaromycosis. However, little is known about the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DAmB for talaromycosis. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 78 patients; among them, 55 patients had serial fungal CFU counts in blood also available for analysis. A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was fitted to the data. The relationships between the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC and the time to blood culture sterilization and the time to death were investigated. There was only modest pharmacokinetic variability in the average AUC, with a mean ± standard deviation of 11.51 ± 3.39 mg·h/liter. The maximal rate of drug-induced kill was 0.133 log10 CFU/ml/h, and the plasma concentration of the DAmB that induced the half-maximal rate of kill was 0.02 mg/liter. Fifty percent of patients sterilized their bloodstreams by 83.16 h (range, 13 to 264 h). A higher initial fungal burden was associated with a longer time to sterilization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36 to 0.70; P < 0.001). There was a weak relationship between AUC/MIC and the time to sterilization, although this did not reach statistical significance (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06, P = 0.091). Furthermore, there was no relationship between the AUC/MIC and time to death (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.08; P = 0.607) or early fungicidal activity {slope = log[(0.500 - 0.003·(AUC/MIC)]; P = 0.319} adjusted for the initial fungal burden. The population pharmacokinetics of DAmB are surprisingly consistent. The time to sterilization of the bloodstream may be a useful pharmacodynamic endpoint for future studies. (This study has been registered at the ISRCTN registry under no. ISRCTN59144167.).
Open Access
Second-Line HIV Therapy Outcomes and Determinants of Mortality at the Largest HIV Referral Center in Southern Vietnam.
(Medicine (Baltimore), 2015-10) Thao, Vu Phuong; Quang, Vo Minh; Wolbers, Marcel; Anh, Nguyen Duc; Shikuma, Cecilia; Farrar, Jeremy; Dunstan, Sarah; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Day, Jeremy; Thwaites, Guy; Le, Thuy
The growing numbers of HIV-infected patients requiring second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Vietnam make essential the evaluation of treatment efficacy to guide treatment strategies.We evaluated all patients aged ≥15 years who initiated second-line ART after documented failure of first-line therapy at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City. The primary outcome was time from second-line ART initiation to death, or to a new or reoccurrence of a WHO-defined immunological or clinical failure event, whichever occurred first. Risks of treatment failure and death were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards modeling.Data from 326 of 373 patients initiating second-line ART between November 2006 and August 2011 were included in this analysis. The median age was 32 years (IQR: 28-36). Eighty one percent were men. The median CD4 count was 44 cells/μL (IQR: 16-84). During a median follow-up of 29 months (IQR: 15-44), 60 (18.4%) patients experienced treatment failure, including 12 immunological failures, 4 WHO stage IV AIDS events, and 44 deaths (13.5%). Sixty percent of deaths occurred during the first 6-12 months. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of treatment failure after 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 13.1% (95% CI: 9.2-16.8), 18.6% (95% CI: 14.0-23.1), 20.4% (95% CI: 15.4-25.1), and 22.8% (95% CI: 17.2-28.1), respectively. Older age, history of injection drug use, lower CD4 count, medication adherence <95%, and previous protease inhibitor use independently predicted treatment failure.While treatment efficacy was similar to that reported from other resource-limited settings, mortality was higher. Early deaths may be averted by prioritizing second-line therapy for those with lower CD4 counts and by improving treatment adherence support.
Open Access
The decline of typhoid and the rise of non-typhoid salmonellae and fungal infections in a changing HIV landscape: bloodstream infection trends over 15 years in southern Vietnam
(Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012-01) Nga, Tran Vu Thieu; Parry, Christopher M; Le, Thuy; Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong; Diep, To Song; Campbell, James I; Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh; Dung, Le Thi; Wain, John; Dolecek, Christiane; Farrar, Jeremy J; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Hien, Tran Tinh; Day, Jeremy N; Baker, Stephen