Browsing by Author "Choi, Jaeyeon"

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    A Plasmonic Gold Nanostar Theranostic Probe for In Vivo Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.
    (Theranostics, 2015) Liu, Yang; Ashton, Jeffrey R; Moding, Everett J; Yuan, Hsiangkuo; Register, Janna K; Fales, Andrew M; Choi, Jaeyeon; Whitley, Melodi J; Zhao, Xiaoguang; Qi, Yi; Ma, Yan; Vaidyanathan, Ganesan; Zalutsky, Michael R; Kirsch, David G; Badea, Cristian T; Vo-Dinh, Tuan
    Nanomedicine has attracted increasing attention in recent years, because it offers great promise to provide personalized diagnostics and therapy with improved treatment efficacy and specificity. In this study, we developed a gold nanostar (GNS) probe for multi-modality theranostics including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, x-ray computed tomography (CT), two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT). We performed radiolabeling, as well as CT and optical imaging, to investigate the GNS probe's biodistribution and intratumoral uptake at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. We also characterized the performance of the GNS nanoprobe for in vitro photothermal heating and in vivo photothermal ablation of primary sarcomas in mice. The results showed that 30-nm GNS have higher tumor uptake, as well as deeper penetration into tumor interstitial space compared to 60-nm GNS. In addition, we found that a higher injection dose of GNS can increase the percentage of tumor uptake. We also demonstrated the GNS probe's superior photothermal conversion efficiency with a highly concentrated heating effect due to a tip-enhanced plasmonic effect. In vivo photothermal therapy with a near-infrared (NIR) laser under the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) led to ablation of aggressive tumors containing GNS, but had no effect in the absence of GNS. This multifunctional GNS probe has the potential to be used for in vivo biosensing, preoperative CT imaging, intraoperative detection with optical methods (SERS and TPL), as well as image-guided photothermal therapy.
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    Astatine-211 labeled anti-HER2 5F7 single domain antibody fragment conjugates: radiolabeling and preliminary evaluation.
    (Nucl Med Biol, 2017-09-19) Choi, Jaeyeon; Vaidyanathan, Ganesan; Koumarianou, Eftychia; Kang, Choong Mo; Zalutsky, Michael R
    INTRODUCTION: Derived from heavy chain only camelid antibodies, ~15-kDa single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are an attractive platform for developing molecularly specific imaging probes and targeted radiotherapeutics. The rapid tumor accumulation and normal tissue clearance of sdAbs might be ideal for use with (211)At, a 7.2-h half-life α-emitter, if appropriate labeling chemistry can be devised to trap (211)At in cancer cells after sdAb binding. This study evaluated two reagents, [(211)At]SAGMB and iso-[(211)At]SAGMB, for this purpose. METHODS: [(211)At]SAGMB and iso-[(211)At]SAGMB, and their radioiodinated analogues [(131)I]SGMIB and iso-[(131)I]SGMIB, were synthesized by halodestannylation and reacted with the anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7. Radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity and binding affinity were determined. Paired-label internalization assays on HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells directly compared [(131)I]SGMIB-5F7/[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 and iso-[(131)I]SGMIB-5F7/iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 tandems. The biodistribution of the two tandems was evaluated in SCID mice with subcutaneous BT474M1 xenografts. RESULTS: Radiochemical yields for Boc2-iso-[(211)At]SAGMB and Boc2-[(211)At]SAGMB synthesis, and efficiencies for coupling of iso-[(211)At]SAGMB and [(211)At]SAGMB to 5F7 were similar, with radiochemical purities of [(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 and iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 >98%. iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 and [(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 had immunoreactive fractions >80% and HER2 binding affinities of less than 5 nM. Internalization assays demonstrated high intracellular trapping of radioactivity, with little difference observed between corresponding (211)At- and (131)I-labeled 5F7 conjugates. Higher BT474M1 intracellular retention was observed from 1-6 h for the iso-conjugates (iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7, 74.3 ± 2.8%, vs. [(211)At]SAGMB-5F7, 63.7 ± 0.4% at 2 h) with the opposite behavior observed at 24 h. Peak tumor uptake for iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 was 23.4 ± 2.2% ID/g at 4 h, slightly lower than its radioiodinated counterpart, but significantly higher than observed with [(211)At]SAGMB-5F7. Except in kidneys and lungs, tumor-to-normal organ ratios for iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7 were greater than 10:1 by 2 h, and significantly higher than those for [(211)At]SAGMB-5F7. CONCLUSION: These (211)At-labeled sdAb conjugates, particularly iso-[(211)At]SAGMB-5F7, warrant further evaluation for targeted α-particle radiotherapy of HER2-expressing cancers.