Browsing by Author "Davidson, Jonathan"
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Item Open Access Allan McLane Hamilton.(The American journal of psychiatry, 2018-07) Davidson, JonathanItem Open Access Bayard Holmes (1852-1924) and Henry Cotton (1869-1933): Surgeon-psychiatrists and their tragic quest to cure schizophrenia.(Journal of medical biography, 2016-11) Davidson, JonathanEarly 20th-century medicine was dominated by the infectious theory of disease. Some leading physicians believed that infection or the accumulation of toxic substances from bacterial stasis caused a wide range of diseases, including schizophrenia. In the case of schizophrenia, one theory held that intestinal stasis lead to the bacterial production of toxins that affected brain function, resulting in psychotic illness. This theory predicted that clearing the stasis by drainage or by removal of the offending organ would be curative. Bayard Holmes and Henry Cotton, surgeon-psychiatrists, achieved notoriety for their efforts to cure schizophrenia surgically. Their endeavours were not only a failure but resulted in tragedy to their families and to a wider population. Treatment of their own sons also represented a violation of the ethics of their time. This account describes the life and career of Holmes and Cotton and reappraises their work in the light of recent developments.Item Open Access Individualized Homeopathy: A Consideration of Its Relationship to Psychotherapy.(Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2016-08) Davidson, Jonathan; Jonas, WayneObjectives
The benefit and potential mechanisms of action of homeopathy have long been debated. Almost entirely neglected has been the study of individualized homeopathy (IH) as a form of psychotherapy, which incorporates factors that are common to most therapies while using processes that are specific to IH.Methods
Recent research into the therapeutic components of IH is reviewed; similarities and differences between IH and other forms of psychotherapy are also described.Results
IH includes elements found in humanistic therapy and narrative medicine and additionally incorporates idiographic material in treatment selection. It is structured in a manner that takes maximum advantage of the components of the placebo effect, which could further expand its effectiveness beyond those conditions thought usually amenable to psychotherapy.Conclusions
It is possible that IH entails specific psychotherapeutic processes in addition to possible therapeutic action of the homeopathic remedy, but the relative contributions of each remain to be determined. Suggestions are given for future research.Item Open Access Resilience as a predictor of treatment response in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder treated with venlafaxine extended release or placebo.(Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2012-06) Davidson, Jonathan; Stein, Dan J; Rothbaum, Barbara O; Pedersen, Ron; Szumski, Annette; Baldwin, David SThis post-hoc analysis evaluated resilience as a predictor of treatment response in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data were pooled from two randomized, double-blind studies conducted with adult outpatients treated with flexible doses of venlafaxine extended release (ER) 37.5 to 300 mg/day or placebo. The 17-item Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CAPS-SX(17)) was the primary outcome measure. Baseline Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) scores for the 25-, 10-, and 2-item versions were used to predict changes in PTSD symptom severity at week 12 and symptomatic remission (CAPS-SX(17) ≤ 20). Analyses were conducted for the overall population and separately for the individual treatment groups. In total, pretreatment resilience predicted a positive treatment response. For the overall population, all versions of the CD-RISC predicted CAPS-SX(17) change scores and remission after controlling for variables such as treatment group and baseline symptom severity. For venlafaxine ER-treated patients, all versions of the CD-RISC were predictive of remission, but only the 10-item version was predictive of CAPS-SX(17) change score. Our results suggest that higher pretreatment resilience is generally associated with a positive treatment response. Future research may be warranted to explore the relationship between response to active treatment and the spectrum of resiliency.Item Open Access Resilience: Taking Its Measure Across the Life Span.(The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2021-12) Davidson, JonathanItem Open Access Richard Dadd and the Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke.(The American journal of psychiatry, 2015-11) Davidson, JonathanItem Open Access Threading the needle: when embroidery was used to treat shell-shock.(Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 2018-09) Davidson, JonathanItem Open Access Vintage treatments for PTSD: a reconsideration of tricyclic drugs.(Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2015-03) Davidson, JonathanSerotonin (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine (SNRI) reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the first-line recommended drug treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); but despite their benefits, much residual pathology remains and no new drugs have yet emerged with a clearly demonstrated benefit for treating the disorder. A case is made that tricyclic drugs deserve a closer look, based on their ability to affect several of the main neurotransmitters that are relevant to PTSD. Their promising efficacy, which was shown 30 years ago, had not been followed up, until a recent trial of desipramine found advantages over a SSRI in PTSD with comorbid alcohol dependence. Opportunities exist for studying newer and purportedly safer tricyclic formulations, as well as further the work with older, established compounds. A reappraisal of their risk:benefit ratio seems in order, when treating PTSD.