Browsing by Author "Dodge, KA"
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Item Open Access A cross-sectional examination of response inhibition and working memory on the Stroop task(Cognitive Development, 2018-07-01) Duell, N; Icenogle, G; Silva, K; Chein, J; Steinberg, L; Banich, MT; Di Guinta, L; Dodge, KA; Fanti, KA; Lansford, JE; Oburu, P; Pastorelli, C; Skinner, AT; Sorbring, E; Tapanya, S; Uribe Tirado, LM; Alampay, LP; Al-Hassan, SM; Takash, HMS; Bacchini, D; Chang, L; Chaudhary, N© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The authors examined the association between working memory and response inhibition on the Stroop task using a cross-sectional, international sample of 5099 individuals (49.3% male) ages 10–30 (M = 17.04 years; SD = 5.9). Response inhibition was measured using a Stroop task that included “equal” and “unequal” blocks, during which the relative frequency of neutral and incongruent trials was manipulated. Competing stimuli in incongruent trials evinced inhibitory functioning, and having a lower proportion of incongruent trials (as in unequal blocks) placed higher demands on working memory. Results for accuracy indicated that age and working memory were independently associated with response inhibition. Age differences in response inhibition followed a curvilinear trajectory, with performance improving into early adulthood. Response inhibition was greatest among individuals with high working memory. For response time, age uniquely predicted response inhibition in unequal blocks. In equal blocks, age differences in response inhibition varied as a function of working memory, with age differences being least pronounced among individuals with high working memory. The implications of considering the association between response inhibition and working memory in the context of development are discussed.Item Open Access Coming of age: The department of education(Phi Delta Kappan, 1999-05-01) Dodge, KA; Putallaz, M; Malone, DThe Duke University Education Leadership Summit in February 2002 provided an opportunity to view the evolution of the U.S. Department of Education through the eyes of those who have served as secretaries of education. In this special section, five of the participating secretaries reflect on the chief issues of their respective tenures.Item Open Access Cumulative stress in childhood is associated with blunted reward-related brain activity in adulthood.(Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 2016-03) Hanson, JL; Albert, WD; Iselin, AR; Carré, JM; Dodge, KA; Hariri, AREarly life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with negative outcomes in adulthood, including reduced motivation and increased negative mood. The mechanisms mediating these relations, however, are poorly understood. We examined the relation between exposure to ELS and reward-related brain activity, which is known to predict motivation and mood, at age 26, in a sample followed since kindergarten with annual assessments. Using functional neuroimaging, we assayed individual differences in the activity of the ventral striatum (VS) during the processing of monetary rewards associated with a simple card-guessing task, in a sample of 72 male participants. We examined associations between a cumulative measure of ELS exposure and VS activity in adulthood. We found that greater levels of cumulative stress during childhood and adolescence predicted lower reward-related VS activity in adulthood. Extending this general developmental pattern, we found that exposure to stress early in development (between kindergarten and grade 3) was significantly associated with variability in adult VS activity. Our results provide an important demonstration that cumulative life stress, especially during this childhood period, is associated with blunted reward-related VS activity in adulthood. These differences suggest neurobiological pathways through which a history of ELS may contribute to reduced motivation and increased negative mood.Item Open Access Double jeopardy: Child and school characteristics that undermine school readiness and predict disruptive behavior at school entry(School Psychology Review, 2010) Thomas, DE; Bierman, KL; Thompson, C; Powers, CJ; Coie, JD; Dodge, KA; Greenberg, MT; Lochman, JE; McMahon, RJItem Open Access Evaluation of a Collaborative Community-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Initiative.(Prot Child, 2010) Rosanbalm, KD; Dodge, KA; Murphy, R; O’Donnell, K; Christopoulos, C; Williams Gibb, S; Appleyard, K; Daro, DItem Open Access Fast Track morphs into OnTrack: The dissemination of a conduct prevention program in Manchester, England(Child and Family Policy Review, 2007) Winn, DM; Newall, E; Coie, JD; Bierman, K; Dodge, KA; Greenberg, MT; Lochman, JE; McMahon, RJItem Open Access Gender Differences in the Impact of North Carolina’s Early Care and Education Initiatives on Student Outcomes in Elementary School(Educational Policy, 2020-03-01) Muschkin, CG; Ladd, HF; Dodge, KA; Bai, Y© The Author(s) 2018. Based on growing evidence of the long-term benefits of enriched early childhood experiences, we evaluate the potential for addressing gender disparities in elementary school through early care and education programs. Specifically, we explore the community-wide effects of two statewide initiatives in North Carolina on gender differences in academic outcomes in Grades 3 to 5, using administrative student data and information on variation in program availability across counties and over time. We find that although investments in early care and education programs produce significant gains in math and reading skills on average for all children, boys experience larger program-related gains than girls. Moreover, the greatest gains among boys emerge for those from less advantaged families. In contrast, the large and statistically significant reductions in special education placements induced by these early childhood program do not differ consistently by gender.Item Open Access Impact of North Carolina's Early Childhood Programs and Policies on Educational Outcomes in Elementary School.(Child Dev, 2016-11-17) Dodge, KA; Bai, Y; Ladd, HF; Muschkin, CGNorth Carolina's Smart Start and More at Four (MAF) early childhood programs were evaluated through the end of elementary school (age 11) by estimating the impact of state funding allocations to programs in each of 100 counties across 13 consecutive years on outcomes for all children in each county-year group (n = 1,004,571; 49% female; 61% non-Latinx White, 30% African American, 4% Latinx, 5% other). Student-level regression models with county and year fixed effects indicated significant positive impacts of each program on reading and math test scores and reductions in special education and grade retention in each grade. Effect sizes grew or held steady across years. Positive effects held for both high- and low-poverty families, suggesting spillover of effects to nonparticipating peers.Item Open Access Implementation and randomized controlled trial evaluation of universal postnatal nurse home visiting.(Am J Public Health, 2014-02) Dodge, KA; Goodman, WB; Murphy, RA; O’Donnell, K; Sato, J; Guptill, SOBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether a brief, universal, postnatal nurse home-visiting intervention can be implemented with high penetration and fidelity, prevent emergency health care services, and promote positive parenting by infant age 6 months. METHODS: Durham Connects is a manualized 4- to 7-session program to assess family needs and connect parents with community resources to improve infant health and well-being. All 4777 resident births in Durham, North Carolina, between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2010, were randomly assigned to intervention and control conditions. A random, representative subset of 549 families received blinded interviews for impact evaluation. RESULTS: Of all families, 80% initiated participation; adherence was 84%. Hospital records indicated that Durham Connects infants had 59% fewer infant emergency medical care episodes than did control infants. Durham Connects mothers reported fewer infant emergency care episodes and more community connections, more positive parenting behaviors, participation in higher quality out-of-home child care, and lower rates of anxiety than control mothers. Blinded observers reported higher quality home environments for Durham Connects than for control families. CONCLUSIONS: A brief universal home-visiting program implemented with high penetration and fidelity can lower costly emergency medical care and improve family outcomes.Item Open Access Parent Involvement in School: Conceptualizing Multiple Dimensions and Their Relations with Family and Demographic Risk Factors(Journal of School Psychology, 2000) Kohl, GO; Lengua, LJ; McMahon, RJ; Bierman, K; Dodge, KA; Coie, JD; Greenberg, MT; Lochman, JE; Pinderhughes, EEItem Open Access Parents' campaigns to reduce their children's conduct problems: Interactions with temperamental resistance to control(European Journal of Developmental Science, 2008) Goodnight, JA; Bates, JE; Pettit, GS; Dodge, KAItem Open Access The influence of classroom aggression and classroom climate on the early development of aggressive-disruptive behavior problems in school(Child Development, 2011) Thomas, DE; Bierman, KL; Powers, CJ; Coie, JD; Dodge, KA; Greenberg, MT; Lochman, JE; McMahon, RJItem Open Access Universal Reach at Birth: Family Connects(The Future of Children, 2019) Dodge, KA; Goodman, WBItem Open Access Willie M.: Legacy of Legal, Social, and Policy Change on Behalf of Children(Report to the State of North Carolina, Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Substance Abuse Services, 2000) Dodge, KA; Kupersmidt, Janis B.; Fontaine, Reid Griffith