Browsing by Author "Glander, K"

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Open Access
Lemur diversity in Madagascar
(International Journal of Primatology, 2008-12-01) Mittermeier, RA; Ganzhorn, JU; Konstant, WR; Glander, K; Tattersall, I; Groves, CP; Rylands, AB; Hapke, A; Ratsimbazafy, J; Mayor, MI; Louis, EE; Rumpler, Y; Schwitzer, C; Rasoloarison, RM
A basic understanding of the taxonomy, diversity, and distributions of primates is essential for their conservation. This review of the status of the taxonomy of lemurs is based on a 5-d workshop entitled "Primate Taxonomy for the New Millennium," held at the Disney Institute, Orlando, Florida, in February 2000. The aim is not to present a taxonomic revision, but to review our current understanding of the diversity and current and past ranges of lemurs and indicate where there is controversy, discrepancy, or lack of knowledge. Our goal therefore is to provide a baseline for future taxonomic investigation, as well as a clearer focus for research and conservation priorities. We here focus on the lemurs of Madagascar and recognize 5 families, 15 genera, and 99 species and subspecies. We list 39 species of lemurs described since 2000: 2 dwarf lemurs, Cheirogaleus; 11 mouse lemurs, Microcebus; a giant mouse lemur, Mirza; a bamboo lemur, Hapalemur; 17 sportive lemurs, Lepilemur; and 7 woolly lemurs, Avahi. Taxonomic revisions have resulted in the resurrection of a further 9 taxa. However, the figures do not represent the total diversity of Malagasy lemurs because more new species are being identified via new field studies and accompanying genetic research, and should be described in the near future. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Open Access
On the ground looking up
(2016-01-08) Glander, K
Open Access
Parasites of wild howlers (Alouatta spp.)
(International Journal of Primatology, 1998-01-01) Stuart, M; Pendergast, V; Rumfelt, S; Pierberg, S; Greenspan, L; Glander, K; Clarke, M
A literature review of howler parasites provides the basis for an overview of the ecological significance of parasite surveys in primates. Within this framework, we have added insights into the interactions between primate hosts and their parasites from a long-term study in Costa Rica. We collected fecal samples from mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) over a 9-year period (19861994 inclusive) and analyzed them for parasite eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts. We found many misperceptions inherent in the typical methodology of primate parasite surveys and in the reporting of the findings. Our work in Costa Rica suggests that a snapshot effect occurs with most surveys. A static view does not reflect the dynamic and changing ecological interaction between host and parasite. We describe some problems with parasite data analyses that emphasize the need for long-term longitudinal surveys in wild primate groups.
Open Access
Postcranial adaptations for leaping in primates
(Journal of Zoology, 2000-05-01) Connour, JR; Glander, K; Vincent, F
Leaping primates are specialized for hindlimb-propelled locomotion within arboreal habitats. As a group, they include members of Galagonidae, Lemuriformes and Tarsiidae. Postcranial characters analysed here include humeral and femoral diaphyseal rigidity, articular surface areas and lengths. Data for leaper taxa are compared with corresponding data for less specialized small primates. The more generalized comparative primates include both closely related prosimians and distantly related platyrrhines (New World monkeys). In addition, the leapers are subdivided for further analysis according to body size and taxonomic association. Questions addressed concern the identification of functionally and/or phylogenetically linked traits in leaper postcrania. Results indicate that leapers as a group have relatively higher femoral diaphyseal rigidity and longer femora than do more generalized primates. These traits are also present in Pithecia pithecia, a platyrrhine leaper included for comparison. These enhanced properties probably function in resisting large hindlimb forces incurred during leaping, and in producing longer, more efficient leaps. Most of the large-bodied lemuriform leapers are further distinguished in having relatively bigger femoral heads and reduced humeral rigidity. The small-bodied leapers, galagonids and tarsiids, do not differ in either femoral head surface area or in any of the humeral properties from more generalized primates. Pithecia has a large femoral head like lemuriforms, but it is not reduced in humeral rigidity. Aspects of hip joint structure and mobility may be related to femoral head size in lemuriforms and Pithecia. Explanations regarding reduced lemuriform humeral rigidity are also explored. Differences between lemuriform primates are also present, most notably in aspects of the distal humerus. Indrids are characterized by relatively reduced trochleae, while many lemurids have relatively small capitula. These features are interpreted with regard to frequencies of suspensory behaviour and quadrupedalism.
Open Access
Translocation of black howler monkeys in Belize
(Reintroduction News, 2002) Horwich, RH; Koontz, F; Saqui, E; Ostro, L; Silver, S; Glander, K