Browsing by Author "Glander, KE"

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Open Access
A coprological survey of parasites of wild mantled howling monkeys, Alouatta palliata palliata.
(J Wildl Dis, 1990-10) Stuart, MD; Greenspan, LL; Glander, KE; Clarke, MR
Fecal samples from 155 mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata palliata) examined at Centro Ecologico La Pacifica, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, revealed 75 (48%) had parasitic infections. A sampling of nine howling monkeys from Santa Rosa National Park. Costa Rica indicated only one infected animal (11%). Only three of 19 (16%) spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) also from Santa Rosa were infected. Controrchis biliophilus, Trypanoxyuris minutus, unidentified strongylid eggs and Isospora sp. oocysts were found. Three monkeys from La Pacifica died and were examined for adult helminths. They were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, C. biliophilus and T. minutus.
Open Access
A pilot study of genetic and morphological variation in the muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)
(Prim. Conserv, 1990) Sa, Lemos de; M, R; Pope, TR; Glander, KE; Struhsaker, TT; Fonseca, GAB da
Open Access
Alouatta palliata
(Costa Rican Natural History, 1983) Glander, KE
Open Access
Are we looking for loads in all the right places? New research directions for studying the masticatory apparatus of New World monkeys.
(Anat Rec (Hoboken), 2011-12) Vinyard, CJ; Taylor, AB; Teaford, MF; Glander, KE; Ravosa, MJ; Rossie, JB; Ryan, TM; Williams, SH
New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus, particularly morphometric analyses, we collectively acknowledge key shortcomings in our understanding of the function and evolution of the platyrrhine feeding apparatus. Our goal in this contribution is to review several recent, and in most cases ongoing, efforts to address some of the deficits in our knowledge of how the platyrrhine skull is loaded during feeding. We specifically consider three broad research areas: (1) in vivo physiological studies documenting mandibular bone strains during feeding, (2) metric analyses assessing musculoskeletal functional morphology and performance, as well as (3) the initiation of a physiological ecology of feeding that measures in vivo masticatory mechanics in a natural environment. We draw several conclusions from these brief reviews. First, we need better documentation of in vivo strain patterns in the platyrrhine skull during feeding given their empirical role in developing adaptive hypotheses explaining masticatory apparatus form. Second, the greater accuracy of new technologies, such as CT scanning, will allow us to better describe the functional consequences of jaw form. Third, performance studies are generally lacking for platyrrhine jaws, muscles, and teeth and offer exciting avenues for linking form to feeding behavior and diet. Finally, attempts to bridge distinct research agendas, such as collecting in vivo physiological data during feeding in natural environments, present some of the greatest opportunities for novel insights into platyrrhine feeding biology.
Open Access
Barely known species.
(Science, 1976-09-17) Glander, KE
Open Access
Body weights before and after first pregnancies of immigrant adult female mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica
(Neotropical Primates, 2001) Zucker, EL; Clarke, MR; Glander, KE
Open Access
Capture and marking techniques for arboreal primates
(Estudios Primatalogicos En Mexico, 1993) Glander, KE
Open Access
Darting Primates: Steps Toward Procedural and Reporting Standards
(International Journal of Primatology, 2017-04-21) Fernandez-Duque, M; Chapman, CA; Glander, KE; Fernandez-Duque, E
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York Darting, a common method of capturing wild primates, poses risks to the individuals that must be appropriately minimized. A recent article in the International Journal of Primatology by Cunningham et al. (International Journal of Primatology, 36(5), 894–915, 2015) presented a literature review of the reporting of darting procedures in primatology and anonymously surveyed primatologists on darting methods and their effects, to report general trends in the field. We quantitatively reexamined 29 articles described by the authors as having information on fatalities and/or injuries. We think that the various body masses of primates (1 kg–150 kg), along with their locations and habitat types, and the degree of experience of the darting team, should be considered when estimating mortality and injury rates, and thus preclude the computation of an average mortality value across taxa. Nevertheless, we computed an average (mean) for comparison with the previous analyses. Our mean estimated mortality rate was 2.5% and the mean estimated injury risk was 1.5% (N = 21 articles). Thus, our estimated mortality rate is smaller than the combined mortality and injury rate of 5% reported by Cunningham et al. (International Journal of Primatology, 36(5), 894–915, 2015) and smaller than the mortality rates of medium-sized terrestrial mammals they used for comparison. Our study strongly suggests the critical need for more data to be analyzed in a standardized fashion.
Open Access
Dental microwear and diet in a wild population of mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata)
(Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates, 1996) Teaford, MF; Glander, KE
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Dental microwear in live, wild-trapped Alouatta palliata from Costa Rica.
(Am J Phys Anthropol, 1991-07) Teaford, MF; Glander, KE
One problem with dental microwear analyses of museum material is that investigators can never be sure of the diets of the animals in question. An obvious solution to this problem is to work with live animals. Recent work with laboratory primates has shown that high resolution dental impressions can be obtained from live animals. The purpose of this study was to use similar methods to begin to document rates and patterns of dental microwear for primates in the wild. Thirty-three Alouatta palliata were captured during the wet season at Hacienda La Pacifica near Canas, Costa Rica. Dental impressions were taken and epoxy casts of the teeth were prepared using the methods of Teaford and Oyen (1989a). Scanning electron micrographs were taken of the left mandibular second molars at magnifications of 200x and 500x. Lower magnification images were used to calculate rates of wear, and higher magnification images were used to measure the size and shape of microwear features. Results indicate that, while basic patterns of dental microwear are similar in museum samples and samples of live, wild-trapped animals of the same species, ecological differences between collection locales may lead to significant intraspecific differences in dental microwear. More importantly, rates of microwear provide the first direct evidence of differences in molar use between monkeys and humans.
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Dispersal patterns in Costa Rican mantled howling monkeys
(International Journal of Primatology, 1992-08-01) Glander, KE
Both male and female juveniles disperse in Costa Rican mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). 79% of the males and 96% of the females leave their natal groups. Males may spend up to 4 years and females up to 1 year as solitaries. Extra-group individuals are faced with only three possibilities, i.e., form a new group by joining another extra-group individual, join an established social group, or remain solitary. Most surviving extra-group individuals join an established social group which contains no kin. Females join with the help of a resident male and once in a group proceed to rise to the alpha position through dyadic interactions. The immigrant female either becomes the alpha female or leaves and tries again in another group. Males challenge the alpha male and either defeat him or remain solitary. Competition with relatives for limited high quality food may be the reason for both sexes leaving their natal groups in howlers. By leaving, the successful immigrants increase their mothers inclusive fitness while suppressing the fitness of nonrelatives instead of remaining natal and competing with relatives for limited food. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.
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Distribution, ecology, life history, genetic variation, and risk of extinction of nonhuman primates from Costa Rica
(Rev Biol Trop, 2004) Zaldivar, ME; Rocha, O; Glander, KE; Aguilar, G; Huertas, AS; Sanchez, R; Wong, G
We examined the association between geographic distribution, ecological traits, life history, genetic diversity, and risk of extinction in nonhuman primate species from Costa Rica. All of the current nonhuman primate species from Costa Rica are included in the study; spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata), capuchins (Cebus capucinus), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii). Geographic distribution was characterized accessing existing databases. Data on ecology and life history traits were obtained through a literature review. Genetic diversity was characterized using isozyme electrophoresis. Risk of extinction was assessed from the literature. We found that species differed in all these traits. Using these data, we conducted a Pearson correlation between risk of extinction and ecological and life history traits, and genetic variation, for widely distributed species. We found a negative association between risk of extinction and population birth and growth rates; indicating that slower reproducing species had a greater risk of extinction. We found a positive association between genetic variation and risk of extinction; i.e., species showing higher genetic variation had a greater risk of extinction. The relevance of these traits for conservation efforts is discussed.
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Drinking from arboreal water sources by mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata Gray).
(Folia Primatol (Basel), 1978) Glander, KE
Despite occasional trips to the ground and feeding in trees whose canopies touched the river, mantled howling monkeys were never seen to drink from any ground water. Drinking from arboreal cisterns was observed, but only during the wet season (meteorologically the less stressful season but phenologically the more stressful season). The lack of sufficient new leaves during the wet season forced the howlers to ingest more mature leaves which contained significantly less water. To compensate for the lowered amount of water in their food, the monkeys utilized arboreal water cisterns. The cisterns dried up during the dry season, but the howlers maintained their water balance by altering their time of actiivity and selecting a diet comprised largely of succulent new leaves. The effect of plant-produced secondary compounds on drinking also was discussed.
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Dust accumulation in the canopy: a potential cause of dental microwear in primates.
(Am J Phys Anthropol, 1995-06) Ungar, PS; Teaford, MF; Glander, KE; Pastor, RF
Dental microwear researchers consider exogenous grit or dust to be an important cause of microscopic wear on primate teeth. No study to date has examined the accumulation of such abrasives on foods eaten by primates in the forest. This investigation introduces a method to collect dust at various heights in the canopy. Results from dust collection studies conducted at the primate research stations at Ketambe in Indonesia, and Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica indicate that 1) grit collects throughout the canopy in both open country and tropical rain forest environments; and 2) the sizes and concentrations of dust particles accumulated over a fixed period of time differ depending on site location and season of investigation. These results may hold important implications for the interpretation of microwear on primate teeth.
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Feeding patterns in mantled howling monkeys
(Foraging Behavior: Ecological, Ethological, and Psychological Approaches, 1981) Glander, KE
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Female reproductive success in a group of free-ranging howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica
(Female Primates: Studies by Women Primatologists, 1984) Clarke, Margaret R.; Glander, KE
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Field methods for capture and measurement of three monkey species in Costa Rica.
(Folia Primatol (Basel), 1991) Glander, KE; Fedigan, LM; Fedigan, L; Chapman, C
A total of 54 free-ranging monkeys were captured and marked in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, during May 1985, and an additional 17 were captured during March 1986. The animals were darted using a blowpipe or a CO2 gun. The drugs used were Ketaset, Sernylan and Telazol. Ketaset was effective for Cebus capucinus but unsuccessful for Alouatta palliata and Ateles geoffroyi. Sernylan was successful for A. geoffroyi and A. palliata but is no longer commercially available. Telazol proved to be an excellent alternative capture drug for both A. palliata and A. geoffroyi.
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Genetic Variation of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) from Costa Rica
(Biotropica, 2003-09-01) Zaldivar, ME; Glander, KE; Rocha, O; Aguilar, G; Vargas, E; Gutierrez-Espeleta, GA; Sanchez, R
We examined genetic diversity of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) from Costa Rica. Blood samples of howler monkeys were collected at various locations in Costa Rica, and electrophoresis of total plasma proteins yielded no variation. We also conducted starch gel electrophoresis of red cell isozymes and did not find variation for any of the 14 loci analyzed (i.e., ACP, ADA, CA2, EST, GPI, IDH, LDH-1, LDH-2, MDH, PGD, PGM-1, PGM-2, SOD, and TPI). These findings were compared with the levels of genetic variation for A. seniculus and A. belzebul from one Brazilian population. Four of the 14 isozymes (ADA, GPI, PGD, and SOD) showed more than one allele for these species. Both A. seniculus and A. belzebul from Brazil showed similar levels of genetic variation. The potential causes of the low genetic variation in A. palliata from Costa Rica are discussed.
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Group takeover by a natal male howling monkey (Alouatta palliata) and associated disappearance and injuries of immatures
(Primates, 1994-10-01) Clarke, MR; Zucker, EL; Glander, KE
As part of a long-term study on howling monkey behavior and social dynamics, a known natal male was observed taking over his group from his putative sire. Due to the accidental death of one of the adult males, this natal male had matured in a one-male group and had never observed juvenile male emigration nor adult male immigration and associated behaviors. Nevertheless, the behaviors associated with the takeover were indistinguishable from those of an immigrant male, including disappearance of immatures, one of whom was found with extensive injuries. While it cannot be said that the natal male inherited these behaviors from his presumed father, it can be said that he exhibited species-typical behaviors associated with male takeover in the absence of observational learning. © 1994 Japan Monkey Centre.
Open Access
Grouping Behavior and Sex Ratio in Mantled Howling Monkeys
(Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of the International Primatological Society, 1978) Scott Jr., Norman J.; Malmgren, Linda A.; Glander, KE