Browsing by Author "Gryczynski, Jan"

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Open Access
Comparison of timeline follow-back self-report and oral fluid testing to detect substance use in adult primary care patients.
(Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020-02-22) Nordeck, Courtney D; Gryczynski, Jan; O'Grady, Kevin E; Polak, Kathryn; Svikis, Dace S; McNeely, Jennifer; Wu, Li-Tzy; Schwartz, Robert P
BACKGROUND:Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) interviews using self-report are often used to assess substance use. Oral fluid testing (OFT) offers an objective measure of substance use. There are limited data on the agreement between TLFB and OFT. METHODS:In this secondary analysis from a multisite study in five primary care sites, self-reported TLFB and OFT data collected under confidential conditions were compared to assess concordance (N=1799). OFT samples were analyzed for marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and non-medical use of prescription opioids. Demographic differences in discordance relative to TLFB and OFT concordant results for marijuana, the only substance with an adequate sample size in this analysis, were examined using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS:Overall concordance rates between TLFB and OFT were 94.9 % or higher for each substance, driven by large subgroups with no use. Among participants with discordant use, marijuana was the only substance with lower detection on OFT than self-report (27.6 % OFT-positive only vs 32.2 % TLFB-positive only), whereas cocaine (65.6 % vs 8.6 %), prescription opioids (90.4 % vs 6.0 %), and heroin (40.7 % vs 26.0 %) all had higher detection via OFT than TLFB. Participants who reported marijuana use but had a negative OFT were more likely to be younger, Hispanic, and White compared to those with TLFB and OFT concordant positive results. CONCLUSIONS:TLFB and OFT show disparate detection of different substances. Researchers should consider the implications of using either self-report or oral fluid testing in isolation, depending on the substance and collection setting. Triangulating multiple sources of information may improve detection of drug use.
Open Access
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA.
(Addiction science & clinical practice, 2016-09) Watson, Rod; Morris, James; Isitt, John; Barrio, Pablo; Ortega, Lluisa; Gual, Antoni; Conner, Kenneth; Stecker, Tracy; Maisto, Stephen; Paroz, Sophie; Graap, Caroline; Grazioli, Véronique S; Daeppen, Jean-Bernard; Collins, Susan E; Bertholet, Nicolas; McNeely, Jennifer; Kushnir, Vlad; Cunningham, John A; Crombie, Iain K; Cunningham, Kathryn B; Irvine, Linda; Williams, Brian; Sniehotta, Falko F; Norrie, John; Melson, Ambrose; Jones, Claire; Briggs, Andrew; Rice, Peter; Achison, Marcus; McKenzie, Andrew; Dimova, Elena; Slane, Peter W; Grazioli, Véronique S; Collins, Susan E; Paroz, Sophie; Graap, Caroline; Daeppen, Jean-Bernard; Baggio, Stéphanie; Dupuis, Marc; Studer, Joseph; Gmel, Gerhard; Magill, Molly; Grazioli, Véronique S; Tait, Robert J; Teoh, Lucinda; Kelty, Erin; Geelhoed, Elizabeth; Mountain, David; Hulse, Gary K; Renko, Elina; Mitchell, Shannon G; Lounsbury, David; Li, Zhi; Schwartz, Robert P; Gryczynski, Jan; Kirk, Arethusa S; Oros, Marla; Hosler, Colleen; Dusek, Kristi; Brown, Barry S; Finnell, Deborah S; Holloway, Aisha; Wu, Li-Tzy; Subramaniam, Geetha; Sharma, Gaurav; Wallhed Finn, Sara; Andreasson, Sven; Dvorak, Robert D; Kramer, Matthew P; Stevenson, Brittany L; Sargent, Emily M; Kilwein, Tess M; Harris, Sion K; Sherritt, Lon; Copelas, Sarah; Knight, John R; The Partnership for Adolescent Substance Use Research; Mdege, Noreen D; McCambridge, Jim; Bischof, Gallus; Bischof, Anja; Freyer-Adam, Jennis; Rumpf, Hans-Juergen; Fitzgerald, Niamh; Schölin, Lisa; Toner, Paul; Böhnke, Jan R; Veach, Laura J; Currin, Olivia; Dongre, Leigh Z; Miller, Preston R; White, Elizabeth; Williams, Emily C; Lapham, Gwen T; Bobb, Jennifer J; Rubinsky, Anna D; Catz, Sheryl L; Shortreed, Susan; Bensley, Kara M; Bradley, Katharine A; Milward, Joanna; Deluca, Paolo; Khadjesari, Zarnie; Watson, Rod; Fincham-Campbell, Stephanie; Drummond, Colin; Angus, Kathryn; Bauld, Linda; Baumann, Sophie; Haberecht, Katja; Schnuerer, Inga; Meyer, Christian; Rumpf, Hans-Jürgen; John, Ulrich; Gaertner, Beate; Barrault-Couchouron, Marion; Béracochéa, Marion; Allafort, Vincent; Barthélémy, Valérie; Bonnefoi, Hervé; Bussières, Emmanuel; Garguil, Véronique; Auriacombe, Marc; Saint-Jacques, Marianne; Dorval, Michel; M’Bailara, Katia; Segura-Garcia, Lidia; Ibañez-Martinez, Nuria; Mendive-Arbeloa, Juan Manuel; Anoro-Perminger, Manel; Diaz-Gallego, Pako; Piñar-Mateos, Mª Angeles; Colom-Farran, Joan; Deligianni, Marianthi; Yersin, Bertrand; Adam, Angeline; Weisner, Constance; Chi, Felicia; Lu, Wendy; Sterling, Stacy; Kraemer, Kevin L; McGinnis, Kathleen A; Fiellin, David A; Skanderson, Melissa; Gordon, Adam J; Robbins, Jonathan; Zickmund, Susan; Korthuis, P Todd; Edelman, E Jennifer; Hansen, Nathan B; Cutter, Christopher J; Dziura, James; Fiellin, Lynn E; O’Connor, Patrick G; Maisto, Stephen A; Bedimo, Roger; Gilbert, Cynthia; Marconi, Vincent C; Rimland, David; Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria; Simberkoff, Michael; Justice, Amy C; Bryant, Kendall J; Berman, Anne H; Shorter, Gillian W; Bray, Jeremy W; Barbosa, Carolina; Johansson, Magnus; Hester, Reid; Campbell, William; Souza Formigoni, Maria Lucia O; Andrade, André Luzi Monezi; Sartes, Laisa Marcorela Andreoli; Sundström, Christopher; Eék, Niels; Kraepelien, Martin; Kaldo, Viktor; Fahlke, Claudia; Hernandez, Lynn; Becker, Sara J; Jones, Richard N; Graves, Hannah R; Spirito, Anthony; Diestelkamp, Silke; Wartberg, Lutz; Arnaud, Nicolas; Thomasius, Rainer; Gaume, Jacques; Grazioli, Véronique; Fortini, Cristiana; Malan, Zelra; Mash, Bob; Everett-Murphy, Katherine; Grazioli, Véronique S; Studer, Joseph; Mohler-Kuo, M; Bertholet, Nicolas; Gmel, Gerhard; Doi, Lawrence; Cheyne, Helen; Jepson, Ruth; Luna, Vanesa; Echeverria, Leticia; Morales, Silvia; Barroso, Teresa; Abreu, Ângela; Aguiar, Cosma; Stewart, Duncan; Abreu, Angela; Brites, Riany M; Jomar, Rafael; Marinho, Gerson; Parreira, Pedro; Seale, J Paul; Johnson, J Aaron; Henry, Dena; Chalmers, Sharon; Payne, Freida; Tuck, Linda; Morris, Akula; Gonçalves, Cátia; Besser, Bettina; Casajuana, Cristina; López-Pelayo, Hugo; Balcells, María Mercedes; Teixidó, Lídia; Miquel, Laia; Colom, Joan; Hepner, Kimberly A; Hoggatt, Katherine J; Bogart, Andy; Paddock, Susan M; Hardoon, Sarah L; Petersen, Irene; Hamilton, Fiona L; Nazareth, Irwin; White, Ian R; Marston, Louise; Wallace, Paul; Godfrey, Christine; Murray, Elizabeth; Sovinová, Hana; Csémy, Ladislav
Open Access
Reference periods in retrospective behavioral self-report: A qualitative investigation.
(The American journal on addictions, 2015-12) Gryczynski, Jan; Nordeck, Courtney; Mitchell, Shannon Gwin; O'Grady, Kevin E; McNeely, Jennifer; Wu, Li-Tzy; Schwartz, Robert P
Self-report questions in substance use research and clinical screening often ask individuals to reflect on behaviors, symptoms, or events over a specified time period. However, there are different ways of phrasing conceptually similar time frames (eg, past year vs. past 12 months).We conducted focused, abbreviated cognitive interviews with a sample of community health center patients (N = 50) to learn how they perceived and interpreted questions with alternative phrasing of similar time frames (past year vs. past 12 months; past month vs. past 30 days; past week vs. past 7 days).Most participants perceived the alternative time frames as identical. However, 28% suggested that the "past year" and "past 12 months" phrasings would elicit different responses by evoking distinct time periods and/or calling for different levels of recall precision. Different start and end dates for "past year" and "past 12 months" were reported by 20% of the sample. There were fewer discrepancies for shorter time frames.Use of "past 12 months" rather than "past year" as a time frame in self-report questions could yield more precise responses for a substantial minority of adult respondents.Subtle differences in wording of conceptually similar time frames can affect the interpretation of self-report questions and the precision of responses.
Open Access
VALIDATION OF THE 4-ITEM SCREENING COMPONENT OF THE TAPS TOOL TO IDENTIFY UNHEALTHY SUBSTANCE USE AMONG PRIMARY CARE PATIENTS
(JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2017-04-01) Schwartz, Robert; Gryczynski, Jan; McNeely, Jennifer; Wu, Litzy; Sharma, Gaurav; King, Jacquie; Jelstrom, Eve M; Nordeck, Courtney; Sharma, Anjalee; Mitchell, Shannon; O'Grady, Kevin; Svikis, Dace; Cathers, Lauretta; Subramaniam, Geetha
Open Access
Validation of the TAPS-1: A Four-Item Screening Tool to Identify Unhealthy Substance Use in Primary Care.
(Journal of general internal medicine, 2017-09) Gryczynski, Jan; McNeely, Jennifer; Wu, Li-Tzy; Subramaniam, Geetha A; Svikis, Dace S; Cathers, Lauretta A; Sharma, Gaurav; King, Jacqueline; Jelstrom, Eve; Nordeck, Courtney D; Sharma, Anjalee; Mitchell, Shannon G; O'Grady, Kevin E; Schwartz, Robert P
BACKGROUND:The Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance use (TAPS) tool is a combined two-part screening and brief assessment developed for adult primary care patients. The tool's first-stage screening component (TAPS-1) consists of four items asking about past 12-month use for four substance categories, with response options of never, less than monthly, monthly, weekly, and daily or almost daily. OBJECTIVE:To validate the TAPS-1 in primary care patients. DESIGN:Participants completed the TAPS tool in self- and interviewer-administered formats, in random order. In this secondary analysis, the TAPS-1 was evaluated against DSM-5 substance use disorder (SUD) criteria to determine optimal cut-points for identifying unhealthy substance use at three severity levels (problem use, mild SUD, and moderate-to-severe SUD). PARTICIPANTS:Two thousand adult patients at five primary care sites. MAIN MEASURES:DSM-5 SUD criteria were determined via the modified Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Oral fluid was used as a biomarker of recent drug use. KEY RESULTS:Optimal frequency-of-use cut-points on the self-administered TAPS-1 for identifying SUDs were ≥ monthly use for tobacco and alcohol (sensitivity = 0.92 and 0.71, specificity = 0.80 and 0.85, AUC = 0.86 and 0.78, respectively) and any reported use for illicit drugs and prescription medication misuse (sensitivity = 0.93 and 0.89, specificity = 0.85 and 0.91, AUC = 0.89 and 0.90, respectively). The performance of the interviewer-administered format was similar. When administered first, the self-administered format yielded higher disclosure rates for past 12-month alcohol use, illicit drug use, and prescription medication misuse. Frequency of use alone did not provide sufficient information to discriminate between gradations of substance use problem severity. Among those who denied drug use on the TAPS-1, less than 4% had a drug-positive biomarker. CONCLUSIONS:The TAPS-1 can identify unhealthy substance use in primary care patients with a high level of accuracy, and may have utility in primary care for rapid triage.