Browsing by Author "Hamilton, Kojo"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access Complication Rates Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Evaluation of the Category of Complication and Chronology.(Spine, 2024-02) Lafage, Renaud; Bass, R Daniel; Klineberg, Eric; Smith, Justin S; Bess, Shay; Shaffrey, Christopher; Burton, Douglas C; Kim, Han Jo; Eastlack, Robert; Mundis, Gregory; Ames, Christopher P; Passias, Peter G; Gupta, Munish; Hostin, Richard; Hamilton, Kojo; Schwab, Frank; Lafage, Virginie; International Spine Study GroupObjective
Provide benchmarks for the rates of complications by type and timing.Study design
Prospective multicenter database.Background
Complication rates following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery have been previously reported. However, the interplay between timing and complication type warrants further analysis.Methods
The data for this study were sourced from a prospective, multicenter ASD database. Date and type of complication were collected and classified into three severity groups (minor, major, major leading to reoperation). Only complications occurring before the 2-year visit were retained for analysis.Results
Of the 1260 patients eligible for 2-year follow-up, 997 (79.1%) achieved 2-year follow-up. The overall complication rate was 67.4% (N=672). 247 patients (24.8%) experienced at least one complication on the day of surgery (including intra-operatively), 359 (36.0%) between post-op day 1 and 6 weeks post-op, 271 (27.2%) between 6 weeks and 1 one -year post-op, and finally 162 (16.3%) between 1 year and 2 years post-op. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the rate of remaining complication-free was estimated at different time points for different severities and types of complications. Stratification by type of complication demonstrated that most of the medical complications occurred within the first 60 days. Surgical complications presented over two distinct timeframes. Operative complications, incision-related complications, and infections occurred early (within 60 d), while implant-related and radiographic complications occurred at a constant rate over the 2-year follow-up period. Neurologic complications had the highest occurrence within the first 60 days but continued to increase up to the 2-year visit.Conclusion
Only one-third of ASD patients remained complication-free by 2 years, and 2 out of 10 patients had a complication requiring a reoperation or revision. Estimation of timing and type of complication associated with surgical treatment may prove useful for more meaningful patient counseling and aid in assessing the cost-effectiveness of treatment.Item Open Access Does Patient Frailty Status Influence Recovery Following Spinal Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity?: An Analysis of Patients With 3-Year Follow-up.(Spine, 2020-04) Pierce, Katherine E; Passias, Peter G; Alas, Haddy; Brown, Avery E; Bortz, Cole A; Lafage, Renaud; Lafage, Virginie; Ames, Christopher; Burton, Douglas C; Hart, Robert; Hamilton, Kojo; Kelly, Michael; Hostin, Richard; Bess, Shay; Klineberg, Eric; Line, Breton; Shaffrey, Christopher; Mummaneni, Praveen; Smith, Justin S; Schwab, Frank A; International Spine Study Group (ISSG)Study design
Retrospective review of a prospective database.Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate postop clinical recovery among adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients between frailty states undergoing primary procedures SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Frailty severity may be an important determinant for impaired recovery after corrective surgery.Methods
It included ASD patients with health-related quality of life (HRQLs) at baseline (BL), 1 year (1Y), and 3 years (3Y). Patients stratified by frailty by ASD-frailty index scale 0-1(no frailty: <0.3 [NF], mild: 0.3-0.5 [MF], severe: >0.5 [SF]). Demographics, alignment, and SRS-Schwab modifiers were assessed with χ/paired t tests to compare HRQLs: Scoliosis Research Society 22-question Questionnaire (SRS-22), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Back/Leg Pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Area-under-the-curve (AUC) method generated normalized HRQL scores at baseline (BL) and f/u intervals (1Y, 3Y). AUC was calculated for each f/u, and total area was divided by cumulative f/u, generating one number describing recovery (Integrated Health State [IHS]).Results
A total of 191 patients were included (59 years, 80% females). Breakdown of patients by frailty status: 43.6% NF, 40.8% MF, 15.6% SF. SF patients were older (P = 0.003), >body mass index (P = 0.002). MF and SF were significantly (P < 0.001) more malaligned at BL: pelvic tilt (NF: 21.6°; MF: 27.3°; SF: 22.1°), pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis (7.4°, 21.2°, 19.7°), sagittal vertical axis (31 mm, 87 mm, 82 mm). By SRS-Schwab, NF were mostly minor (40%), and MF and SF markedly deformed (64%, 57%). Frailty groups exhibited BL to 3Y improvement in SRS-22, ODI, NRS Back/Leg (P < 0.001). After HRQL normalization, SF had improvement in SRS-22 at year 1 and year 3 (P < 0.001), and NRS Back at 1Y. 3Y IHS showed a significant difference in SRS-22 (NF: 1.2 vs. MF: 1.32 vs. SF: 1.69, P < 0.001) and NRS Back Pain (NF: 0.52, MF: 0.66, SF: 0.6, P = 0.025) between frailty groups. SF had more complications (79%). SF/marked deformity had larger invasiveness score (112) compared to MF/moderate deformity (86.2). Controlling for baseline deformity and invasiveness, SF showed more improvement in SRS-22 IHS (NF: 1.21, MF: 1.32, SF: 1.66, P < 0.001).Conclusion
Although all frailty groups exhibited improved postop disability/pain scores, SF patients recovered better in SRS-22 and NRS Back. Despite SF patients having more complications and larger invasiveness scores, they had overall better patient-reported outcomes, signifying that with frailty severity, patients have more room for improvement postop compared to BL quality of life.Level of evidence
3.Item Open Access Incremental Increase in Hospital Length of Stay Due to Complications of Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity.(Global spine journal, 2024-09) Lafage, Renaud; Sheehan, Connor; Smith, Justin S; Daniels, Alan; Diebo, Bassel; Ames, Christopher; Bess, Shay; Eastlack, Robert; Gupta, Munish; Hostin, Richard; Kim, Han Jo; Klineberg, Eric; Mundis, Gregory; Hamilton, Kojo; Shaffrey, Christopher; Schwab, Frank; Lafage, Virginie; Burton, Douglas; International Spine Study Group (ISSG)Retrospective Cohort Study. Length of Stay (LOS) and resource utilization are of primary importance for hospital administration. This study aimed to understand the incremental effect of having a specific complication on LOS among ASD patients. A retrospective examination of prospective multicenter data utilized patients without a complication prior to discharge to develop a patient-adjusted and surgery-adjusted predictive model of LOS among ASD patients. The model was later applied to patients with at least 1 complication prior to discharge to investigate incremental effect of each identified complication on LOS vs the expected LOS. 571/1494 (38.2%) patients experienced at least 1 complication before discharge with a median LOS of 7 [IQR 5 to 9]. Univariate analysis demonstrated that LOS was significantly affected by patients' demographics (age, CCI, sex, disability, deformity) and surgical strategy (invasiveness, fusion length, posterior MIS fusion, direct decompression, osteotomy severity, IBF use, EBL, ASA, ICU stay, day between stages, Date of Sx). Using patients with at least 1 complication prior discharge and compared to the patient-and-surgery adjusted prediction, having a minor complication increased the expected LOS by 0.9 day(s), a major complication by 3.9 days, and a major complication with reoperation by 6.3 days. Complications following surgery for ASD correction have different, but predictable impact on LOS. Some complications requiring minimal intervention are associated with significant and substantial increases in LOS, while complications with significant impact on patient quality of life may have no influence on LOS.Item Open Access Novel Angular Measures of Cervical Deformity Account for Upper Cervical Compensation and Sagittal Alignment.(Clinical spine surgery, 2017-08) Protopsaltis, Themistocles S; Lafage, Renaud; Vira, Shaleen; Sciubba, Daniel; Soroceanu, Alex; Hamilton, Kojo; Smith, Justin; Passias, Peter G; Mundis, Gregory; Hart, Robert; Schwab, Frank; Klineberg, Eric; Shaffrey, Christopher; Lafage, Virginie; Ames, Christopher; International Spine Study GroupStudy design
This is a retrospective review of a prospective multicenter database.Objective
This study introduces 2 new cervical alignment measures accounting for both cervical deformity (CD) and upper cervical compensation.Summary of background data
Current descriptions of CD like the C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) do not account for compensatory mechanisms such as C0-C2 lordosis and pelvic tilt, which makes surgical planning difficult. The craniocervical angle (CCA) combines the slope of McGregor's line and the inclination from C7 to the hard palate. The C2-pelvic tilt (CPT) combines C2 tilt and pelvic tilt. Like the T1 pelvic angle, CPT is less affected by lower extremity and pelvic compensation.Methods
Novel and existing CD measures were correlated in 781 patients from a thoracolumbar deformity (TLD) database and 61 patients from a prospective CD database. CD patients were subanalyzed by region of deformity driver: cervical or cervico-thoracic junction. TLD patients were substratified according to whether or not they had CD as well, where CD was defined as cSVA>4 cm or T1 slope minus cervical lordosis mismatch (TS-CL) >20.Results
TLD cohort: mean cSVA was 31.7±17.8 mm. Subanalysis of TLD patients with CD versus no-CD demonstrated significant differences in CCA (56.2 vs. 60.6, P<0.001) and CPT (32.6 vs. 19.3, P<0.001). CCA and CPT correlated with cSVA (r=-0.488/r=0.418, P<0.001) and C0-C2 lordosis (r=-0.630/r=0.289,P<0.001). CD cohort: mean cSVA was 47.3±32.2 mm. CCA and CPT correlated with cSVA (r=-0.811/r=0.657, P<0.001) and C0-C2 lordosis (r=-0.656/r=0.610, P<0.001). CD cohort subanalysis indicated that CT patients were significantly more deformed by cSVA (71.3 vs 24.0 mm, P<0.001), CCA (47.1 vs 59.1 degrees, P<0.001), and CPT (63.3 vs 43.8 degrees, P=0.002). Using linear regression analysis, cSVA of 4 cm corresponded to CCA of 53.2 degrees (r=0.5) and CPT of 48.5 degrees (r=0.4).Conclusions
CCA and CPT account for both cervical sagittal alignment and upper cervical compensation and can be utilized in assessment of cervical alignment.Item Open Access Predictors of Superior Recovery Kinetics in Adult Cervical Deformity Correction: An Analysis Using a Novel Area Under the Curve Methodology.(Spine, 2021-05) Pierce, Katherine E; Passias, Peter G; Brown, Avery E; Bortz, Cole A; Alas, Haddy; Lafage, Renaud; Lafage, Virginie; Ames, Christopher; Burton, Douglas C; Hart, Robert; Hamilton, Kojo; Gum, Jeffrey; Scheer, Justin; Daniels, Alan; Bess, Shay; Soroceanu, Alex; Klineberg, Eric; Shaffrey, Christopher; Line, Breton; Schwab, Frank A; Smith, Justin S; on behalf of the International Spine Study Group (ISSG)Study design
Retrospective review of a prospective database.Objective
The aim of this study was to identify demographic, surgical, and radiographic factors that predict superior recovery kinetics following cervical deformity (CD) corrective surgery.Summary of background data
Analyses of CD corrective surgery use area under the curve (AUC) to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) metrics throughout recovery.Methods
Outcome measures were baseline (BL) to 1-year (1Y) health-related quality of life (HRQL) (Neck Disability Index [NDI]). CD criteria were C2-7 Cobb angle >10°, coronal Cobb angle >10°, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) >4 cm, TS-CL >10°, or chin-brow vertical angle >25°. AUC normalization divided BL and postoperative outcomes by BL. Normalized scores (y axis) were plotted against follow-up (x axis). AUC was calculated and divided by cumulative follow-up length to determine overall, time-adjusted recovery (Integrated Health State [IHS]). IHS NDI was stratified by quartile, uppermost 25% being "Superior" Recovery Kinetics (SRK) versus "Normal" Recovery Kinetics (NRK). BL demographic, clinical, and surgical information predicted SRK using generalized linear modeling.Results
Ninety-eight patients included (62 ± 10 years, 28 ± 6 kg/m2, 65% females, Charlson Comorbidity Index: 0.95), 6% smokers, 31% smoking history. Surgical approach was: combined (33%), posterior (49%), anterior (18%). Posterior levels fused: 8.7, anterior: 3.6, estimated blood loss: 915.9ccs, operative time: 495 minutes. Ames BL classification: cSVA (53.2% minor deformity, 46.8% moderate), TS-CL (9.8% minor, 4.3% moderate, 85.9% marked), horizontal gaze (27.4% minor, 46.6% moderate, 26% marked). Relative to BL NDI (Mean: 47), normalized NDI decreased at 3 months (0.9 ± 0.5, P = 0.260) and 1Y (0.78 ± 0.41, P < 0.001). NDI IHS correlated with age (P = 0.011), sex (P = 0.042), anterior approach (P = 0.042), posterior approach (P = 0.042). Greater BL pelvic tilt (PT) (SRK: 25.6°, NRK: 17°, P = 0.002), pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) (SRK: 8.4°, NRK: -2.8°, P = 0.009), and anterior approach (SRK: 34.8%, NRK: 13.3%; P = 0.020) correlated with SRK. 69.4% met MCID for NDI (<Δ-15) and 63.3% met substantial clinical benefit for NDI (<Δ-10); 100% of SRK met both MCID and substantial clinical benefit. The predictive model for SRK included (AUC = 88.1%): BL visual analog scale (VAS) EuroQol five-dimensional descriptive system (EQ5D) (odds rario [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.99), BL swallow sleep score (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), BL PT (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22), BL modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale (mJOA) (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.07-2.16), BL T4-T12, BL T10-L2, BL T12-S1, and BL L1-S1.Conclusion
Superior recovery kinetics following CD surgery was predicted with high accuracy using BL patient-reported (VAS EQ5D, swallow sleep, mJOA) and radiographic factors (PT, TK, T10-L2, T12-S1, L1-S1). Awareness of these factors can improve decision-making and reduce postoperative neck disability.Level of Evidence: 3.Item Open Access Prioritization of Realignment Associated With Superior Clinical Outcomes for Cervical Deformity Patients.(Neurospine, 2021-09) Pierce, Katherine E; Passias, Peter G; Brown, Avery E; Bortz, Cole A; Alas, Haddy; Passfall, Lara; Krol, Oscar; Kummer, Nicholas; Lafage, Renaud; Chou, Dean; Burton, Douglas C; Line, Breton; Klineberg, Eric; Hart, Robert; Gum, Jeffrey; Daniels, Alan; Hamilton, Kojo; Bess, Shay; Protopsaltis, Themistocles; Shaffrey, Christopher; Schwab, Frank A; Smith, Justin S; Lafage, Virginie; Ames, Christopher; International Spine Study Group (ISSG)Objective
To prioritize the cervical parameter targets for alignment.Methods
Included: cervical deformity (CD) patients (C2-7 Cobb angle > 10°, cervical lordosis > 10°, cervical sagittal vertical axis [cSVA] > 4 cm, or chin-brow vertical angle > 25°) with full baseline (BL) and 1-year (1Y) radiographic parameters and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores; patients with cervical [C] or cervicothoracic [CT] Primary Driver Ames type. Patients with BL Ames classified as low CD for both parameters of cSVA ( < 4 cm) and T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (TS-CL) ( < 15°) were excluded. Patients assessed: meeting minimum clinically important differences (MCID) for NDI ( < -15 ΔNDI). Ratios of correction were found for regional parameters categorized by primary Ames driver (C or CT). Decision tree analysis assessed cutoffs for differences associated with meeting NDI MCID at 1Y.Results
Seventy-seven CD patients (mean age, 62.1 years; 64% female; body mass index, 28.8 kg/m2). Forty-one point six percent of patients met MCID for NDI. A backwards linear regression model including radiographic differences as predictors from BL to 1Y for meeting MCID for NDI demonstrated an R2 of 0.820 (p = 0.032) included TS-CL, cSVA, McGregor's slope (MGS), C2 sacral slope, C2-T3 angle, C2-T3 SVA, cervical lordosis. By primary Ames driver, 67.5% of patients were C, and 32.5% CT. Ratios of change in predictors for MCID NDI patients for C and CT were not significant between the 2 groups (p > 0.050). Decision tree analysis determined cutoffs for radiographic change, prioritizing in the following order: ≥ 42.5° C2-T3 angle, > 35.4° cervical lordosis, < -31.76° C2 slope, < -11.57-mm cSVA, < -2.16° MGS, > -30.8-mm C2-T3 SVA, and ≤ -33.6° TS-CL.Conclusion
Certain ratios of correction of cervical parameters contribute to improving neck disability. Prioritizing these radiographic alignment parameters may help optimize patient-reported outcomes for patients undergoing CD surgery.Item Open Access Prioritization of realignment associated with superior clinical outcomes for surgical cervical deformity patients.(Journal of craniovertebral junction & spine, 2021-07) Pierce, Katherine E; Passias, Peter Gust; Brown, Avery E; Bortz, Cole A; Alas, Haddy; Lafage, Renaud; Krol, Oscar; Chou, Dean; Burton, Douglas C; Line, Breton; Klineberg, Eric; Hart, Robert; Gum, Jeffrey; Daniels, Alan; Hamilton, Kojo; Bess, Shay; Protopsaltis, Themistocles; Shaffrey, Christopher; Schwab, Frank A; Smith, Justin S; Lafage, Virginie; Ames, Christopher; International Spine Study GroupBackground
To optimize quality of life in patients with cervical deformity (CD), there may be alignment targets to be prioritized.Objective
To prioritize the cervical parameter targets for alignment.Methods
Included: CD patients (C2-C7 Cobb >10°°, C2-C7 lordosis [CL] >10°°, cSVA > 4 cm, or chin-brow vertical angle >25°°) with full baseline (BL) and 1-year (1Y) radiographic parameters and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores; patients with cervical (C) or cervicothoracic (CT) Primary Driver Ames type. Patients with BL Ames classified as low CD for both parameters of cSVA (<4 cm) and T1 slope minus CL (TS-CL) (<15°°) were excluded. Patients assessed: Meeting Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for NDI (<-15 ΔNDI). Ratios of correction were found for regional parameters categorized by Primary Ames Driver (C or CT). Decision tree analysis assessed cut-offs for differences associated with meeting NDI MCID at 1Y.Results
Seventy-seven CD patients (62.1 years, 64%F, 28.8 kg/m2). 41.6% met MCID for NDI. A backward linear regression model including radiographic differences as predictors from BL to 1Y for meeting MCID for NDI demonstrated an R 2= 0.820 (P = 0.032) included TS-CL, cSVA, MGS, C2SS, C2-T3 angle, C2-T3 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), CL. By primary Ames driver, 67.5% of patients were C, and 32.5% CT. Ratios of change in predictors for MCID NDI patients for C and CT were not significant between the two groups (P > 0.050). Decision tree analysis determined cut-offs for radiographic change, prioritizing in the following order: ≥42.5° C2-T3 angle, >35.4° CL, <-31.76° C2 slope, <-11.57 mm cSVA, <-2.16° MGS, >-30.8 mm C2-T3 SVA, and ≤-33.6° TS-CL.Conclusions
Certain ratios of correction of cervical parameters contribute to improving neck disability. Prioritizing these radiographic alignment parameters may help optimize patient-reported outcomes for patients undergoing CD surgery.