Browsing by Author "Havice, Elizabeth"

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Open Access
Assessing the Potential for Transferability of Access Rights to Enhance Sustainability in Large Pacific Tropical Fisheries
(2020-09-08) Aqorau, Transform; Azmi, Kamal; Havice, Elizabeth; Kaye, Stuart; Kininmonth, Stuart; Mataika, Moses; McTee, Sarah; Morrison, Anthony; Olsen, Lars; Soboil, Mark; Suamalie, Siale; Taufa, Salome; Thomas-Smyth, Alice; Virdin, John
This study was conducted in order to identify options for the transferability of fishing rights in the context of Pacific Island commercial longline and purse seine tuna fisheries (where the rights are denominated in units of fishing effort, i.e., fishing days), including the scale of potential benefits and costs to countries and territories in the region, and key issues that would need to be considered by decision makers in order to develop specific policy proposals. The study does not aim to predict the costs and benefits of specific policy proposals for transferability, but rather to conduct an initial scoping that would allow for such a detailed analysis to take place, and to provide a sound basis of information for policy dialogue in the region. The motivation for conducting this study was to provide information that can assist policy makers and fisheries managers in the region to consider if this policy instrument (enhanced transferability of fishing rights) could support achievement of the goals agreed in the Regional Roadmap for Sustainable Pacific Fisheries. Achieving these goals will take significant effort in this, one of the world’s largest and most complex fisheries to manage. The tuna fisheries most relevant to Pacific Island countries and territories (PICT) are the units of analysis here: the purse seine fishery, the tropical longline fishery, and the southern albacore fishery. Numerous successes and innovations in governance of the purse seine fishery have led to exponential growth in economic benefits for Pacific Island countries and territories, but as this growth has slowed, future gains are likely to be incremental and result from greater efforts to strengthen governance and enhance efficiency—such as introducing transferability. At the same time, economic benefits to the region from the two longline fisheries have stagnated, and governance innovations are both needed and currently underway or in development. This study was proposed by a group of regional thought leaders in part to consider if transferability might be one such innovation, based on examples in other fisheries where limited fishing rights were allocated to vessels and operators with differing levels of efficiency, and the creation of a secondary market in these rights allowed for vessels and/or operators to trade in order to increase the overall efficiency of the fishery and economic outcomes.
Open Access
Praxis in Resource Geography: Tensions between Engagement and Critique in the (Un)Making of Ecosystem Services
(2021) Shapiro - Garza, Elizabeth; Kolinjivadi, Vijay; Van Hecken, Gert; Windey, Catherine; Casolo, Jennifer J
Navigating the complications and contradictions that often arise when critical scholars engage with the “subjects” of their research in ways meant to support social change is a messy business. This chapter explores the tensions involved in this mixing of theory and practice (praxis) through the lens of four cases drawn from our differing experiences as critical scholars but holding in common engagement with marginalized peoples involved in the making, or sometimes unmaking, of a novel resource through payments for ecosystem services initiatives. These cases highlight the tensions that we find are inherent in conducting engaged critical scholarship: in the dissonance that inevitably exists between social theory and grounded social processes and the perspectives of the people with whom we engage; in the costs of committing to go beyond coproduction of knowledge and to taking responsibility for coproduction of action; in accepting accountability to the relationships formed during the research processes and the potential hazards in doing so; and in confronting the structural obstacles imposed when attempting to be critical and to engage from within the academy. Our reflections present the tensions of engaged critical scholarship in resource geography as ever-evolving, complex, and above all requiring continuous reflexivity and accountability.
Open Access
Will a catch share for whales improve social welfare?
(Ecol Appl, 2014-01) Smith, Martin D; Asche, Frank; Bennear, Lori S; Havice, Elizabeth; Read, Andrew J; Squires, Dale
We critique a proposal to use catch shares to manage transboundary wildlife resources with potentially high non-extractive values, and we focus on the case of whales. Because whales are impure public goods, a policy that fails to capture all nonmarket benefits (due to free riding) could lead to a suboptimal outcome. Even if free riding were overcome, whale shares would face four implementation challenges. First, a whale share could legitimize the international trade in whale meat and expand the whale meat market. Second, a legal whale trade creates monitoring and enforcement challenges similar to those of organizations that manage highly migratory species such as tuna. Third, a whale share could create a new political economy of management that changes incentives and increases costs for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to achieve the current level of conservation. Fourth, a whale share program creates new logistical challenges for quota definition and allocation regardless of whether the market for whale products expands or contracts. Each of these issues, if left unaddressed, could result in lower overall welfare for society than under the status quo.
Open Access
World-making through mapping: Large-scale marine protected areas and the transformation of global oceans
Campbell, Lisa M; Gray, Noella J; Zigler, Sarah Bess Jones; Acton, Leslie; Gruby, Rebecca