Browsing by Author "Holloway, Z"
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Item Open Access A Behavioral Test Battery to Assess Larval and Adult Zebrafish After Developmental Neurotoxic Exposure(2021-01-01) Hawkey, AB; Holloway, Z; Levin, EDBehavioral test batteries are valuable methods which allow outcomes with varying characteristics and neurobiological bases to be assessed and compared in the same animals. This allows investigators to construct a profile of impairments produced by a pharmacological or toxicological challenge, and to propose mechanisms for further study based on those findings. This profile is valuable in the assessment of potentially hazardous substances, including environmental toxicants, drugs of abuse, and other neuropharmacologically active agents. Behavioral tests and batteries have been developed for a number of species, including a relatively recent and growing body of work with the zebrafish, Danio rerio. This chapter discusses the current zebrafish behavioral battery used in our laboratory, and some of the main factors that drove its development. The principal tests include a motility assay for larval fish (6 days post fertilization, dpf), and a battery intended for adolescent (2–3 months) and adult fish (5+ months), which assay sensorimotor, affective, and cognitive-like functions in these fish. Significant progress has been made in the areas of zebrafish neurobehavioral analysis, although further studies, refinements, and task development efforts will be needed to strengthen this approach in the future.Item Open Access Corrigendum to "Paternal cannabis extract exposure in rats: Preconception timing effects on neurobehavioral effects in offspring" [Neurotoxicology 81 (2020) 180-188].(Neurotoxicology, 2021-12) Holloway, Z; Hawkey, AB; Pippen, E; White, H; Katragadda, V; Kenou, B; Wells, C; Murphy, SK; Rezvani, AH; Levin, EDThe authors regret that the type of cannabis extract provided from the NIDA drug supply program was not the same as was ordered. The authors just recently discovered this. The cannabis extract used in this study provided by the NIDA drug Supply Program was a heated cannabis chemical extract rather than a cannabis smoke extract. The content of delta-9-THC in the extract was the same as reported in the article as verified in chemical analysis of the sample from Research Triangle Institute International (see supplemental material). The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.Item Open Access Epigenetic alterations in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por) in sperm of rats exposed to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)(Scientific Reports, 2020-12-01) Acharya, KS; Schrott, R; Grenier, C; Huang, Z; Holloway, Z; Hawkey, A; Levin, ED; Murphy, SKAs marijuana legalization is increasing, research regarding possible long-term risks for users and their offspring is needed. Little data exists on effects of paternal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure prior to reproduction. This study determined if chronic THC exposure alters sperm DNA methylation (DNAm) and if such effects are intergenerationally transmitted. Adult male rats underwent oral gavage with THC or vehicle control. Differentially methylated (DM) loci in motile sperm were identified using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Another cohort was injected with vehicle or THC, and sperm DNAm was analyzed. Finally, THC-exposed and control adult male rats were mated with THC-naïve females. DNAm levels of target genes in brain tissues of the offspring were determined by pyrosequencing. RRBS identified 2,940 DM CpGs mapping to 627 genes. Significant hypermethylation was confirmed (p < 0.05) following oral THC administration for cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por), involved in toxin processing and disorders of sexual development. Por hypermethylation was not observed after THC injection or in the subsequent generation. These results support that THC alters DNAm in sperm and that route of exposure can have differential effects. Although we did not observe evidence of intergenerational transmission of the DNAm change, larger studies are required to definitively exclude this possibility.