Browsing by Author "Jenks, Jeffrey"
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Item Open Access Antibiotic resistance needs global solutions.(The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2014-07) Jenks, JeffreyItem Open Access Development and validation of the San Diego Early Test Score to predict acute and early HIV infection risk in men who have sex with men.(Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015-08) Hoenigl, Martin; Weibel, Nadir; Mehta, Sanjay R; Anderson, Christy M; Jenks, Jeffrey; Green, Nella; Gianella, Sara; Smith, Davey M; Little, Susan JBackground
Although men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a dominant risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the risk of HIV infection within this population is not uniform. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a score to estimate incident HIV infection risk.Methods
Adult MSM who were tested for acute and early HIV (AEH) between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively randomized 2:1 to a derivation and validation dataset, respectively. Using the derivation dataset, each predictor associated with an AEH outcome in the multivariate prediction model was assigned a point value that corresponded to its odds ratio. The score was validated on the validation dataset using C-statistics.Results
Data collected at a single HIV testing encounter from 8326 unique MSM were analyzed, including 200 with AEH (2.4%). Four risk behavior variables were significantly associated with an AEH diagnosis (ie, incident infection) in multivariable analysis and were used to derive the San Diego Early Test (SDET) score: condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) with an HIV-positive MSM (3 points), the combination of CRAI plus ≥5 male partners (3 points), ≥10 male partners (2 points), and diagnosis of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (2 points)-all as reported for the prior 12 months. The C-statistic for this risk score was >0.7 in both data sets.Conclusions
The SDET risk score may help to prioritize resources and target interventions, such as preexposure prophylaxis, to MSM at greatest risk of acquiring HIV infection. The SDET risk score is deployed as a freely available tool at http://sdet.ucsd.edu.Item Open Access Do high MICs predict the outcome in invasive fusariosis?(The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021-03) Nucci, Marcio; Jenks, Jeffrey; Thompson, George R; Hoenigl, Martin; Dos Santos, Marielle Camargo; Forghieri, Fabio; Rico, Juan Carlos; Bonuomo, Valentina; López-Soria, Leyre; Lass-Flörl, Cornelia; Candoni, Anna; Garcia-Vidal, Carolina; Cattaneo, Chiara; Buil, Jochem; Rabagliati, Ricardo; Roiz, Maria Pia; Gudiol, Carlota; Fracchiolla, Nicola; Campos-Herrero, Maria Isolina; Delia, Mario; Farina, Francesca; Fortun, Jesus; Nadali, Gianpaolo; Sastre, Enric; Colombo, Arnaldo L; Pérez Nadales, Elena; Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana; Pagano, LivioBackground
Invasive fusariosis (IF) affects mostly severely immunocompromised hosts and is associated with poor outcome. Since Fusarium species exhibit high MICs for most antifungal agents, this could explain the poor prognosis. However, a clear-cut correlation between MIC and outcome has not been established.Objective
To evaluate the correlation between MIC and outcome (6 week death rate) in patients with IF.Methods
We performed a multicentre retrospective study of patients with IF who received treatment and had MIC levels determined by EUCAST or CLSI for the drug(s) used during treatment. We compared the MIC50 and MIC distribution among survivors and patients who died within 6 weeks from the diagnosis of IF.Results
Among 88 patients with IF, 74 had haematological diseases. Primary treatment was monotherapy in 52 patients (voriconazole in 27) and combination therapy in 36 patients (liposomal amphotericin B + voriconazole in 23). The MIC50 and range for the five most frequent agents tested were: voriconazole 8 mg/L (range 0.5-64), amphotericin B 2 mg/L (range 0.25-64), posaconazole 16 mg/L (range 0.5-64), itraconazole 32 mg/L (range 4-64), and isavuconazole 32 mg/L (range 8-64). There was no difference in MIC50 and MIC distribution among survivors and patients who died. By contrast, persistent neutropenia and receipt of corticosteroids were strong predictors of 6 week mortality.Conclusions
Our study did not show any correlation between MIC and mortality at 6 weeks in patients with IF.Item Open Access Persistent Bacillus cereus Bacteremia in 3 Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego, California, USA.(Emerging infectious diseases, 2016-09) Schaefer, Gabrielle; Campbell, Wesley; Jenks, Jeffrey; Beesley, Cari; Katsivas, Theodoros; Hoffmaster, Alex; Mehta, Sanjay R; Reed, SharonBacillus cereus is typically considered a blood culture contaminant; however, its presence in blood cultures can indicate true bacteremia. We report 4 episodes of B. cereus bacteremia in 3 persons who inject drugs. Multilocus sequence typing showed that the temporally associated infections were caused by unrelated clones.