Browsing by Author "Levine, J"
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Item Open Access Association of an axonally transported polypeptide (H) with 100-A filaments. Use of immunoaffinity electron microscope grids.(The Journal of cell biology, 1980-06) Willard, M; Simon, C; Baitinger, C; Levine, J; Skene, PPolypeptide H (mol wt 195,000) is axonally transported in rabbit retinal ganglion cells at a velocity of 0.7--1.1 mm/d, i.e., in the most slowly moving of the five transport groups described in these neurons. To identify the organelle with which H is associated, we purified H, prepared antibodies directed against it, and adsorbed the antibodies onto Formvar-coated electron microscope grids. When the resulting "immuno-affinity grids" were incubated with extracts of spinal cord and then examined in the electron microscope, they contained as many as 100 times more 100-A filaments than did grids coated similarly with nonimmune IgG. The ability of the anti-H IgG to specifically adsorb filaments to grids was completely blocked by incubating the IgG with polypeptide H. The 100-A filaments adsorbed to anti-H immunoaffinity grids could be specifically decorated by incubating them with anti-H IgG. These observations demonstrate that H antigens (and most likely H itself) are associated with 100-A neurofilaments. In addition, they suggest that the use of immunoaffinity grids may be a useful approach for determining the organelle associations of polypeptides.Item Open Access Humans and nature: How knowing and experiencing nature affect well-being(Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2013-10-01) Russell, R; Guerry, AD; Balvanera, P; Gould, RK; Basurto, X; Chan, KMA; Klain, S; Levine, J; Tam, JEcosystems provide many of the material building blocks for human well-being. Although quantification and appreciation of such contributions have rapidly grown, our dependence upon cultural connections to nature deserves more attention. We synthesize multidisciplinary peer-reviewed research on contributions of nature or ecosystems to human well-being mediated through nontangible connections (such as culture). We characterize these connections on the basis of the channels through which such connections arise (i.e., knowing, perceiving, interacting with, and living within) and the components of human well-being they affect (e.g., physical, mental and spiritual health, inspiration, identity). We found enormous variation in the methods used, quantity of research, and generalizability of the literature. The effects of nature on mental and physical health have been rigorously demonstrated, whereas other effects (e.g., on learning) are theorized but seldom demonstrated. The balance of evidence indicates conclusively that knowing and experiencing nature makes us generally happier, healthier people. More fully characterizing our intangible connections with nature will help shape decisions that benefit people and the ecosystems on which we depend. © 2013 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Where are cultural and social in ecosystem services? A framework for constructive engagement(BioScience, 2012-08-01) Chan, KMA; Guerry, AD; Balvanera, P; Klain, S; Satterfield, T; Basurto, X; Bostrom, A; Chuenpagdee, R; Gould, R; Halpern, BS; Hannahs, N; Levine, J; Norton, B; Ruckelshaus, M; Russell, R; Tam, J; Woodside, UA focus on ecosystem services (ES) is seen as a means for improving decisionmaking. In the research to date, the valuation of the material contributions of ecosystems to human well-being has been emphasized, with less attention to important cultural ES and nonmaterial values. This gap persists because there is no commonly accepted framework for eliciting less tangible values, characterizing their changes, and including them alongside other services in decisionmaking. Here, we develop such a framework for ES research and practice, addressing three challenges: (1) Nonmaterial values are ill suited to characterization using monetary methods; (2) it is difficult to unequivocally link particular changes in socioecological systems to particular changes in cultural benefits; and (3) cultural benefits are associated with many services, not just cultural ES. There is no magic bullet, but our framework may facilitate fuller and more socially acceptable integrations of ES information into planning and management. © 2012 by American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved.