Browsing by Author "Liu, J"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 24
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access A D2O detector for flux normalization of a pion decay-at-rest neutrino source(Journal of Instrumentation, 2021-08-01) Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bolozdynya, A; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Day, E; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Gallo Rosso, A; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Koros, J; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Ward, EM; Wiseman, C; Wongjirad, T; Yen, YR; Yoo, J; Yu, CH; Zettlemoyer, JWe report on the technical design and expected performance of a 592 kg heavy-water-Cherenkov detector to measure the absolute neutrino flux from the pion-decay-at-rest neutrino source at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The detector will be located roughly 20 m from the SNS target and will measure the neutrino flux with better than 5% statistical uncertainty in 2 years. This heavy-water detector will serve as the first module of a two-module detector system to ultimately measure the neutrino flux to 2-3% at both the First Target Station and the planned Second Target Station of the SNS. This detector will significantly reduce a dominant systematic uncertainty for neutrino cross-section measurements at the SNS, increasing the sensitivity of searches for new physics.Item Open Access A dual role for ErbB2 signaling in cardiac trabeculation.(Development, 2010-11) Liu, J; Bressan, M; Hassel, D; Huisken, J; Staudt, D; Kikuchi, K; Poss, KD; Mikawa, T; Stainier, DYCardiac trabeculation is a crucial morphogenetic process by which clusters of ventricular cardiomyocytes extrude and expand into the cardiac jelly to form sheet-like projections. Although it has been suggested that cardiac trabeculae enhance cardiac contractility and intra-ventricular conduction, their exact function in heart development has not been directly addressed. We found that in zebrafish erbb2 mutants, which we show completely lack cardiac trabeculae, cardiac function is significantly compromised, with mutant hearts exhibiting decreased fractional shortening and an immature conduction pattern. To begin to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of ErbB2 function in cardiac trabeculation, we analyzed erbb2 mutant hearts more closely and found that loss of ErbB2 activity resulted in a complete absence of cardiomyocyte proliferation during trabeculation stages. In addition, based on data obtained from proliferation, lineage tracing and transplantation studies, we propose that cardiac trabeculation is initiated by directional cardiomyocyte migration rather than oriented cell division, and that ErbB2 cell-autonomously regulates this process.Item Open Access Analysis of main risk factors causing stroke in Shanxi Province based on machine learning models(Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 2021-01-01) Liu, J; Sun, Y; Ma, J; Tu, J; Deng, Y; He, P; Li, R; Hu, F; Huang, H; Zhou, X; Xu, SBackground: In China, stroke has been the first leading cause of death in recent years. It is a major cause of long-term physical and cognitive impairment, which bring great pressure on the National Public Health System. On the other hand, China is a big country, evaluation of the risk of getting stroke is important for the prevention and treatment of stroke in China. Methods: A data set with 2000 hospitalized stroke patients in 2018 and 27583 residents during the year 2017 to 2020 is analyzed in this study. With the cleaned data, three models on stroke risk levels are built by using machine learning methods. The importance of “8+2” factors from China National Stroke Prevention Project (CSPP) is evaluated via decision tree and random forest models. The importance of more detailed features and their SHAP values are evaluated and ranked via random forest model. Furthermore, a logistic regression model is applied to evaluate the probability of getting stroke for different risk levels. Results: Among all “8+2” risk factors of getting stroke, the decision tree model reveals that top three factors are Hypertension (0.4995), Physical Inactivity (0.08486) and Diabetes Mellitus (0.07889), and the random forest model shows that top three factors are Hypertension (0.3966), Hyperlipidemia (0.1229) and Physical Inactivity (0.1146). In addition to “8+2” factors the importance of features for lifestyle information, demographic information and medical measurement are evaluated via random forest model. It shows that top five features are Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (0.3670), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (0.1541), Physical Inactivity (0.0904), Body Mass Index (BMI) (0.0721) and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)(0.0531). SHAP values show that DBP, Physical Inactivity, SBP, BMI, Smoking, FBG, and Triglyceride(TG) are positively correlated to the risk of getting stroke. High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) is negatively correlated to the risk of getting stroke. Combining with the data of 2000 hospitalized stroke patients, the logistic regression model shows that the average probabilities of getting stroke are 7.20%±0.55% for the low-risk level patients, 19.02%±0.94% for the medium-risk level patients and 83.89%±0.97% for the high-risk level patients. Conclusion: Based on the census data from Shanxi Province, we investigate stroke risk factors and their ranking. It shows that Hypertension, Physical Inactivity, and Overweight are ranked as the top three high stroke risk factors in Shanxi. The probability of getting a stroke is also estimated through our interpretable machine learning methods.Item Open Access Carrier Dynamics Engineering for High-Performance Electron-Transport-Layer-free Perovskite Photovoltaics(CHEM, 2018-10-11) Han, Q; Ding, J; Bai, Y; Li, T; Ma, JY; Chen, YX; Zhou, Y; Liu, J; Ge, QQ; Chen, J; Glass, JT; Therien, MJ; Liu, J; Mitzi, DB; Hu, JSItem Open Access Determination of the Axial-Vector Weak Coupling Constant with Ultracold Neutrons(2010) Liu, J; Mendenhall, MP; Holley, AT; Back, HO; Bowles, TJ; Broussard, LJ; Carr, R; Clayton, S; Currie, S; Filippone, BW; García, A; Geltenbort, P; Hickerson, KP; Hoagland, J; Hogan, GE; Hona, B; Ito, TM; Liu, C-Y; Makela, M; Mammei, RR; Martin, JW; Melconian, D; Morris, CL; Pattie, RW; Pérez Galván, A; Pitt, ML; Plaster, B; Ramsey, JC; Rios, R; Russell, R; Saunders, A; Seestrom, SJ; Sondheim, WE; Tatar, E; Vogelaar, RB; VornDick, B; Wrede, C; Yan, H; Young, AR; UCNA CollaborationA precise measurement of the neutron decay beta asymmetry A(0) has been carried out using polarized ultracold neutrons from the pulsed spallation ultracold neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Combining data obtained in 2008 and 2009, we report A(0) = -0.119 66 +/- 0.000 89(-0.001 40)(+0.001 23), from which we determine the ratio of the axial- vector to vector weak coupling of the nucleon gA/gV = -1.275 90(-0.004 45)(+0.004 09).Item Open Access Development of a $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr source for the calibration of the CENNS-10 Liquid Argon Detector(Journal of Instrumentation, 2020-10-21) Collaboration, COHERENT; Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Blokland, L; Bolozdynya, A; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chen, N; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Coello, M del Valle; Detwiler, JA; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Fox, W; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Rosso, A Gallo; Green, MP; Hansen, KS; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Librande, JT; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; McGoldrick, O; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Pentilla, S; Pershey, D; Radford, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovtsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Thornton, RT; Tolstukhin, I; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Venkataraman, R; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wiseman, C; Wongjirad, T; Yang, J; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, JWe report on the preparation of and calibration measurements with a $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr source for the CENNS-10 liquid argon detector. $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr atoms generated in the decay of a $^{83}$Rb source were introduced into the detector via injection into the Ar circulation loop. Scintillation light arising from the 9.4 keV and 32.1 keV conversion electrons in the decay of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr in the detector volume were then observed. This calibration source allows the characterization of the low-energy response of the CENNS-10 detector and is applicable to other low-energy-threshold detectors. The energy resolution of the detector was measured to be 9$\%$ at the total $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr decay energy of 41.5 keV. We performed an analysis to separately calibrate the detector using the two conversion electrons at 9.4 keV and 32.1 keVItem Open Access Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos.(PeerJ, 2016) Dong, W; Liu, J; Wei, L; Jingfeng, Y; Chernick, M; Hinton, DEThis study examined developmental toxicity of different mercury compounds, including some used in traditional medicines. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to 0.001-10 µM concentrations of MeHg, HgCl2, α-HgS (Zhu Sha), and β-HgS (Zuotai) from stage 10 (6-7 hpf) to 10 days post fertilization (dpf). Of the forms of mercury in this study, the organic form (MeHg) proved the most toxic followed by inorganic mercury (HgCl2), both producing embryo developmental toxicity. Altered phenotypes included pericardial edema with elongated or tube heart, reduction of eye pigmentation, and failure of swim bladder inflation. Both α-HgS and β-HgS were less toxic than MeHg and HgCl2. Total RNA was extracted from survivors three days after exposure to MeHg (0.1 µM), HgCl2 (1 µM), α-HgS (10 µM), or β-HgS (10 µM) to examine toxicity-related gene expression. MeHg and HgCl2 markedly induced metallothionein (MT) and heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), while α-HgS and β-HgS failed to induce either gene. Chemical forms of mercury compounds proved to be a major determinant in their developmental toxicity.Item Open Access Effects of reabsorption and spatial trap distributions on the radiative quantum efficiencies of ZnO(Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2010-03-15) Foreman, JV; Everitt, HO; Yang, J; McNicholas, T; Liu, JUltrafast time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy following one- and two-photon excitations of ZnO powder is used to gain unprecedented insight into the surprisingly high external quantum efficiency of its "green" defect emission band. The role of exciton diffusion, the effects of reabsorption, and the spatial distributions of radiative and nonradiative traps are comparatively elucidated for the ultraviolet excitonic and "green" defect emission bands in both unannealed nanometer-sized ZnO powders and annealed micrometer-sized ZnO:Zn powders. We find that the primary mechanism limiting quantum efficiency is surface recombination because of the high density of nonradiative surface traps in these powders. It is found that unannealed ZnO has a high density of bulk nonradiative traps as well, but the annealing process reduces the density of these bulk traps while simultaneously creating a high density of green-emitting defects near the particle surface. The data are discussed in the context of a simple rate equation model that accounts for the quantum efficiencies of both emission bands. The results indicate how defect engineering could improve the efficiency of ultraviolet-excited ZnO:Zn-based white light phosphors. © 2010 The American Physical Society.Item Open Access Efficient rare event simulation for failure problems in random media(SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 2015-01-01) Liu, J; Lu, J; Zhou, X© 2015 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.In this paper we study rare events associated to the solutions of an elliptic partial differential equation with a spatially varying random coefficient. The random coefficient follows the lognormal distribution, which is determined by a Gaussian process. This model is employed to study the failure problem of elastic materials in random media in which the failure is characterized by the criterion that the strain field exceeds a high threshold. We propose an efficient importance sampling scheme to compute the small failure probability in the high threshold limit. The change of measure in our scheme is parametrized by two density functions. The efficiency of the importance sampling scheme is validated by numerical examples.Item Open Access First Probe of Sub-GeV Dark Matter Beyond the Cosmological Expectation with the COHERENT CsI Detector at the SNSAkimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Sander, J; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, JThe COHERENT collaboration searched for scalar dark matter particles produced at the Spallation Neutron Source with masses between 1 and 220~MeV/c$^2$ using a CsI[Na] scintillation detector sensitive to nuclear recoils above 9~keV$_\text{nr}$. No evidence for dark matter is found and we thus place limits on allowed parameter space. With this low-threshold detector, we are sensitive to coherent elastic scattering between dark matter and nuclei. The cross section for this process is orders of magnitude higher than for other processes historically used for accelerator-based direct-detection searches so that our small, 14.6~kg detector significantly improves on past constraints. At peak sensitivity, we reject the flux consistent with the cosmologically observed dark-matter concentration for all coupling constants $\alpha_D<0.64$, assuming a scalar dark-matter particle. We also calculate the sensitivity of future COHERENT detectors to dark-matter signals which will ambitiously test multiple dark-matter spin scenarios.Item Open Access H2 storage in microporous carbons from PEEK precursors(Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010-08-19) McNicholas, TP; Wang, A; O'Neill, K; Anderson, RJ; Stadie, NP; Kleinhammes, A; Parilla, P; Simpson, L; Ahn, CC; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Liu, JLarge surface area (524-3275 m2/g) microporous carbons (MPCs) derived from poly (etheretherketone), or PEEK, have been synthesized and categorized for their roles as H2 storage materials. It was found that, because of their very large surface areas (≥3000 m2/g), larg cumulative pore volumes (∼ 1.7 cm3/g), and small pore sizes (predominantly ≤ nm), these materials displayed impressive H2 sorption properties, including excess gravimetric and volumetric H2 storage capacities of approximately 5 wt % and 35 g/L, respectively, at 77 K and 20 bar. © 2010 American Chemical Society.Item Open Access Habitat fragmentation and biodiversity conservation: key findings and future challenges(Landscape Ecology, 2016-02-01) Wilson, MC; Chen, XY; Corlett, RT; Didham, RK; Ding, P; Holt, RD; Holyoak, M; Hu, G; Hughes, AC; Jiang, L; Laurance, WF; Liu, J; Pimm, SL; Robinson, SK; Russo, SE; Si, X; Wilcove, DS; Wu, J; Yu, MItem Open Access Impacts of habitat loss on migratory shorebird populations and communities at stopover sites in the Yellow Sea(Biological Conservation, 2022-05) Wang, X; Chen, Y; Melville, DS; Choi, CY; Tan, K; Liu, J; Li, J; Zhang, S; Cao, L; Ma, ZItem Open Access LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design ReportCollaboration, LEGEND; Abgrall, N; Abt, I; Agostini, M; Alexander, A; Andreoiu, C; Araujo, GR; III, FT Avignone; Bae, W; Bakalyarov, A; Balata, M; Bantel, M; Barabanov, I; Barabash, AS; Barbeau, PS; Barton, CJ; Barton, PJ; Baudis, L; Bauer, C; Bernieri, E; Bezrukov, L; Bhimani, KH; Biancacci, V; Blalock, E; Bolozdynya, A; Borden, S; Bos, B; Bossio, E; Boston, A; Bothe, V; Bouabid, R; Boyd, S; Brugnera, R; Burlac, N; Busch, M; Caldwell, A; Caldwell, TS; Carney, R; Cattadori, C; Chan, Y-D; Chernogorov, A; Christofferson, CD; Chu, P-H; Clark, M; Cohen, T; Combs, D; Comellato, T; Cooper, RJ; Costa, IA; D'Andrea, V; Detwiler, JA; Giacinto, A Di; Marco, N Di; Dobson, J; Drobizhev, A; Durand, MR; Edzards, F; Efremenko, Yu; Elliott, SR; Engelhardt, A; Fajt, L; Faud, N; Febbraro, MT; Ferella, F; Fields, DE; Fischer, F; Fomina, M; Fox, H; Franchi, J; Gala, R; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Gangapshev, A; Garfagnini, A; Geraci, A; Gilbert, C; Gold, M; Gooch, C; Gradwohl, KP; Green, MP; Grinyer, GF; Grobov, A; Gruszko, J; Guinn, I; Guiseppe, VE; Gurentsov, V; Gurov, Y; Gusev, K; Hacket, B; Hagemann, F; Hakenmüeller, J; Haranczyk, M; Hauertmann, L; Haufe, CR; Hayward, C; Heffron, B; Henkes, F; Henning, R; Aguilar, D Hervas; Hinton, J; Hodak, R; Hoffmann, H; Hofmann, W; Hostiuc, A; Huang, J; Hult, M; Mirza, M Ibrahim; Jochum, J; Jones, R; Judson, D; Junker, M; Kaizer, J; Kazalov, V; Kermaïdic, Y; Khushbakht, H; Kidd, M; Kihm, T; Kilgus, K; Kim, I; Klimenko, A; Knöpfle, KT; Kochetov, O; Konovalov, SI; Kontul, I; Kool, K; Kormos, LL; Kornoukhov, VN; Korosec, M; Krause, P; Kuzminov, VV; López-Castaño, JM; Lang, K; Laubenstein, M; León, E; Lehnert, B; Leonhardt, A; Li, A; Lindner, M; Lippi, I; Liu, X; Liu, J; Loomba, D; Lubashevskiy, A; Lubsandorzhiev, B; Lusardi, N; Müller, Y; Macko, M; Macolino, C; Majorovits, B; Mamedov, F; Maneschg, W; Manzanillas, L; Marshall, G; Martin, RD; Martin, EL; Massarczyk, R; Mei, D; Meijer, SJ; Mertens, S; Misiaszek, M; Mondragon, E; Morella, M; Morgan, B; Mroz, T; Muenstermann, D; Nave, CJ; Nemchenok, I; Neuberger, M; Oli, TK; Gann, G Orebi; Othman, G; Palušova, V; Panth, R; Papp, L; Paudel, LS; Pelczar, K; Perez, J Perez; Pertoldi, L; Pettus, W; Piseri, P; Poon, AWP; Povinec, P; Pullia, A; Radford, DC; Ramachers, YA; Ransom, C; Rauscher, L; Redchuk, M; Reine, AL; Riboldi, S; Rielage, K; Rozov, S; Rukhadze, E; Rumyantseva, N; Runge, J; Ruof, NW; Saakyan, R; Sailer, S; Salamanna, G; Salamida, F; Salvat, DJ; Sandukovsky, V; Schönert, S; Schültz, A; Schütt, M; Schaper, DC; Schreiner, J; Schulz, O; Schuster, M; Schwarz, M; Schwingenheuer, B; Selivanenko, O; Shafiee, M; Shevchik, E; Shirchenko, M; Shitov, Y; Simgen, H; Simkovic, F; Skorokhvatov, M; Slavickova, M; Smolek, K; Smolnikov, A; Solomon, JA; Song, G; Starosta, K; Stekl, I; Stommel, M; Stukov, D; Sumathi, RR; Sweigart, DA; Szczepaniec, K; Taffarello, L; Tagnani, D; Tayloe, R; Tedeschi, D; Turqueti, M; Varner, RL; Vasilyev, S; Veresnikova, A; Vetter, K; Vignoli, C; Vogl, C; Sturm, K von; Waters, D; Waters, JC; Wei, W; Wiesinger, C; Wilkerson, JF; Willers, M; Wiseman, C; Wojcik, M; Wu, VH-S; Xu, W; Yakushev, E; Ye, T; Yu, C-H; Yumatov, V; Zaretski, N; Zeman, J; Zhitnikov, I; Zinatulina, D; Zschocke, A-K; Zsigmond, AJ; Zuber, K; Zuzel, GWe propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time.Item Open Access Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENTAkimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Melikyan, YA; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, JWe present results of several measurements of CsI[Na] scintillation response to 3-60 keV energy nuclear recoils performed by the COHERENT collaboration using tagged neutron elastic scattering experiments and an endpoint technique. Earlier results, used to estimate the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) event rate for the first observation of this process achieved by COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), have been reassessed. We discuss corrections for the identified systematic effects and update the respective uncertainty values. The impact of updated results on future precision tests of CEvNS is estimated. We scrutinize potential systematic effects that could affect each measurement. In particular we confirm the response of the H11934-200 Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube (PMT) used for the measurements presented in this study to be linear in the relevant signal scale region.Item Open Access Measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Cross Section on CsI by COHERENTAkimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, JWe measured the cross section of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (\cevns{}) using a CsI[Na] scintillating crystal in a high flux of neutrinos produced at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. New data collected before detector decommissioning has more than doubled the dataset since the first observation of \cevns{}, achieved with this detector. Systematic uncertainties have also been reduced with an updated quenching model, allowing for improved precision. With these analysis improvements, the COHERENT collaboration determined the cross section to be $(165^{+30}_{-25})\times10^{-40}$~cm$^2$, consistent with the standard model, giving the most precise measurement of \cevns{} yet. The timing structure of the neutrino beam has been exploited to compare the \cevns{} cross section from scattering of different neutrino flavors. This result places leading constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions while testing lepton flavor universality and measures the weak mixing angle as $\sin^2\theta_{W}=0.220^{+0.028}_{-0.026}$ at $Q^2\approx(50\text{ MeV})^2$Item Open Access Moderate Deviation for Random Elliptic PDEs with Small Noise(2017-04-23) Li, X; Liu, J; Lu, J; Zhou, XPartial differential equations with random inputs have become popular models to characterize physical systems with uncertainty coming from, e.g., imprecise measurement and intrinsic randomness. In this paper, we perform asymptotic rare event analysis for such elliptic PDEs with random inputs. In particular, we consider the asymptotic regime that the noise level converges to zero suggesting that the system uncertainty is low, but does exists. We develop sharp approximations of the probability of a large class of rare events.Item Open Access Monitoring the SNS basement neutron background with the MARS detector(JINST, 2021-12-05) Collaboration, COHERENT; Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, BA; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, JWe present the analysis and results of the first dataset collected with the MARS neutron detector deployed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) for the purpose of monitoring and characterizing the beam-related neutron (BRN) background for the COHERENT collaboration. MARS was positioned next to the COH-CsI coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering detector in the SNS basement corridor. This is the basement location of closest proximity to the SNS target and thus, of highest neutrino flux, but it is also well shielded from the BRN flux by infill concrete and gravel. These data show the detector registered roughly one BRN per day. Using MARS' measured detection efficiency, the incoming BRN flux is estimated to be $1.20~\pm~0.56~\text{neutrons}/\text{m}^2/\text{MWh}$ for neutron energies above $\sim3.5$ MeV and up to a few tens of MeV. We compare our results with previous BRN measurements in the SNS basement corridor reported by other neutron detectors.Item Open Access NCP activates chloroplast transcription by controlling phytochrome-dependent dual nuclear and plastidial switches(Nature communications, 2019) Yang, EJ; Yoo, CY; Liu, J; Wang, H; Cao, J; Li, F; Pryer, KM; Sun, T; Weigel, D; Zhou, PItem Open Access Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians' observations.(J Helminthol, 2016-05-31) Liu, J; Morey, RA; Wilson, JK; Parker, WThe successful use of helminths as therapeutic agents to resolve inflammatory disease was first recorded 40 years ago. Subsequent work in animal models and in humans has demonstrated that the organisms might effectively treat a wide range of inflammatory diseases, including allergies, autoimmune disorders and inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. However, available information regarding the therapeutic uses and effects of helminths in humans is limited. This study probes the practices and experiences of individuals 'self-treating' with helminths through the eyes of their physicians. Five physicians monitoring more than 700 self-treating patients were interviewed. The results strongly support previous indications that helminth therapy can effectively treat a wide range of allergies, autoimmune conditions and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depression and anxiety disorders. Approximately 57% of the self-treating patients observed by physicians in the study had autism. Physicians reported that the majority of patients with autism and inflammation-associated co-morbidities responded favourably to therapy with either of the two most popular organisms currently used by self-treaters, Hymenolepis diminuta and Trichuris suis. However, approximately 1% of paediatric patients experienced severe gastrointestinal pains with the use of H. diminuta, although the symptoms were resolved with an anti-helminthic drug. Further, exposure to helminths apparently did not affect the impaired comprehension of social situations that is the hallmark of autism. These observations point toward potential starting points for clinical trials, and provide further support for the importance of such trials and for concerted efforts aimed at probing the potential of helminths, and perhaps other biologicals, for therapeutic use.