Browsing by Author "Lopez, Giselle Y"

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    Disruption of wild-type IDH1 suppresses D-2-hydroxyglutarate production in IDH1-mutated gliomas.
    (Cancer research, 2013-01) Jin, Genglin; Reitman, Zachary J; Duncan, Christopher G; Spasojevic, Ivan; Gooden, David M; Rasheed, B Ahmed; Yang, Rui; Lopez, Giselle Y; He, Yiping; McLendon, Roger E; Bigner, Darell D; Yan, Hai
    Point mutations at Arg132 of the cytoplasmic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) occur frequently in gliomas and result in a gain of function to produce the "oncometabolite" D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The mutated IDH1 allele is usually associated with a wild-type IDH1 allele (heterozygous) in cancer. Here, we identify 2 gliomas that underwent loss of the wild-type IDH1 allele but retained the mutant IDH1 allele following tumor progression from World Health Organization (WHO) grade III anaplastic astrocytomas to WHO grade IV glioblastomas. Intratumoral D-2HG was 14-fold lower in the glioblastomas lacking wild-type IDH1 than in glioblastomas with heterozygous IDH1 mutations. To characterize the contribution of wild-type IDH1 to cancer cell D-2HG production, we established an IDH1-mutated astrocytoma (IMA) cell line from a WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytoma. Disruption of the wild-type IDH1 allele in IMA cells by gene targeting resulted in an 87-fold decrease in cellular D-2HG levels, showing that both wild-type and mutant IDH1 alleles are required for D-2HG production in glioma cells. Expression of wild-type IDH1 was also critical for mutant IDH1-associated D-2HG production in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. These insights may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies to target IDH1-mutated cancers.
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    EGFR phosphorylation of DCBLD2 recruits TRAF6 and stimulates AKT-promoted tumorigenesis.
    (The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014-09) Feng, Haizhong; Lopez, Giselle Y; Kim, Chung Kwon; Alvarez, Angel; Duncan, Christopher G; Nishikawa, Ryo; Nagane, Motoo; Su, An-Jey A; Auron, Philip E; Hedberg, Matthew L; Wang, Lin; Raizer, Jeffery J; Kessler, John A; Parsa, Andrew T; Gao, Wei-Qiang; Kim, Sung-Hak; Minata, Mutsuko; Nakano, Ichiro; Grandis, Jennifer R; McLendon, Roger E; Bigner, Darell D; Lin, Hui-Kuan; Furnari, Frank B; Cavenee, Webster K; Hu, Bo; Yan, Hai; Cheng, Shi-Yuan
    Aberrant activation of EGFR in human cancers promotes tumorigenesis through stimulation of AKT signaling. Here, we determined that the discoidina neuropilin-like membrane protein DCBLD2 is upregulated in clinical specimens of glioblastomas and head and neck cancers (HNCs) and is required for EGFR-stimulated tumorigenesis. In multiple cancer cell lines, EGFR activated phosphorylation of tyrosine 750 (Y750) of DCBLD2, which is located within a recently identified binding motif for TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Consequently, phosphorylation of DCBLD2 Y750 recruited TRAF6, leading to increased TRAF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and subsequent activation of AKT, thereby enhancing EGFR-driven tumorigenesis. Moreover, evaluation of patient samples of gliomas and HNCs revealed an association among EGFR activation, DCBLD2 phosphorylation, and poor prognoses. Together, our findings uncover a pathway in which DCBLD2 functions as a signal relay for oncogenic EGFR signaling to promote tumorigenesis and suggest DCBLD2 and TRAF6 as potential therapeutic targets for human cancers that are associated with EGFR activation.
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    IDH1(R132) mutation identified in one human melanoma metastasis, but not correlated with metastases to the brain.
    (Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2010-07-13) Lopez, Giselle Y; Reitman, Zachary J; Solomon, David; Waldman, Todd; Bigner, Darell D; McLendon, Roger E; Rosenberg, Steven A; Samuels, Yardena; Yan, Hai
    Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) are enzymes which convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate while reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+to NADPH). IDH1/2 were recently identified as mutated in a large percentage of progressive gliomas. These mutations occur at IDH1(R132) or the homologous IDH2(R172). Melanomas share some genetic features with IDH1/2-mutated gliomas, such as frequent TP53 mutation. We sought to test whether melanoma is associated with IDH1/2 mutations. Seventy-eight human melanoma samples were analyzed for IDH1(R132) and IDH2(R172) mutation status. A somatic, heterozygous IDH1 c.C394T (p.R132C) mutation was identified in one human melanoma metastasis to the lung. Having identified this mutation in one metastasis, we sought to test the hypothesis that certain selective pressures in the brain environment may specifically favor the cell growth or survival of tumor cells with mutations in IDH1/2, regardless of primary tumor site. To address this, we analyzed IDH1(R132) and IDH2(R172) mutation status 53 metastatic brain tumors, including nine melanoma metastases. Results revealed no mutations in any samples. This lack of mutations would suggest that mutations in IDH1(R132) or IDH2(R172) may be necessary for the formation of tumors in a cell-lineage dependent manner, with a particularly strong selective pressure for mutations in progressive gliomas; this also suggests the lack of a particular selective pressure for growth in brain tissue in general. Studies on the cell-lineages of tumors with IDH1/2 mutations may help clarify the role of these mutations in the development of brain tumors.
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    Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in gliomas: mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic target.
    (Current opinion in neurology, 2011-12) Guo, Changcun; Pirozzi, Christopher J; Lopez, Giselle Y; Yan, Hai
    Isocitrate dehydrogenases, IDH1 and IDH2, decarboxylate isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and reduce NADP to NADPH. Point mutations of IDH1 and IDH2 have been discovered in gliomas. IDH mutations cause loss of native enzymatic activities and confer novel activity of converting α-KG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). The mechanisms of IDH mutations in gliomagenesis, and their value as diagnostic, prognostic marker and therapeutic target have been extensively studied. This review is to summarize the findings of these studies.Crystal structural studies revealed conformation changes in mutant IDHs, which may explain the gain of function by mutant IDHs. The product of mutant IDHs, 2-HG, is an inhibitor of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, which may cause genome-wide epigenetic changes in human gliomas. IDH mutations are a favorable prognostic factor for human glioma and can be used as biomarker for differential diagnosis and subclassification rather than predictor of response to treatment. Preliminary data suggested that inhibiting production of the substrate of mutant IDH enzymes caused slow-down of glioma cell growth.As valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers of human gliomas, there is still a lack of knowledge on biological functions of mutant IDHs, making targeting IDHs in glioma both difficult and unsecured.
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    Mutant IDH1 is required for IDH1 mutated tumor cell growth.
    (Oncotarget, 2012-08) Jin, Genglin; Pirozzi, Christopher J; Chen, Lee H; Lopez, Giselle Y; Duncan, Christopher G; Feng, Jie; Spasojevic, Ivan; Bigner, Darell D; He, Yiping; Yan, Hai
    Frequent somatic hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) have been identified in gliomas, acute myeloid leukemias, chondrosarcomas, and other cancers, providing a likely avenue for targeted cancer therapy. However, whether mutant IDH1 protein is required for maintaining IDH1 mutated tumor cell growth remains unknown. Here, using a genetically engineered inducible system, we report that selective suppression of endogenous mutant IDH1 expression in HT1080, a fibrosarcoma cell line with a native IDH1(R132C) heterozygous mutation, significantly inhibits cell proliferation and decreases clonogenic potential. Our findings offer insights into changes that may contribute to the inhibition of cell proliferation and offer a strong preclinical rationale for utilizing mutant IDH1 as a valid therapeutic target.