Browsing by Author "Messerschmidt, Jonathan L"

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    Cancer Clonal Theory, Immune Escape, and Their Evolving Roles in Cancer Multi-Agent Therapeutics
    (Current Oncology Reports, 2017-10) Messerschmidt, Jonathan L; Bhattacharya, Prianka; Messerschmidt, Gerald L
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    How Cancers Escape Immune Destruction and Mechanisms of Action for the New Significantly Active Immune Therapies: Helping Nonimmunologists Decipher Recent Advances
    (The Oncologist, 2016-02-01) Messerschmidt, Jonathan L; Prendergast, George C; Messerschmidt, Gerald L
    Abstract With the Food and Drug Administration and other worldwide regulatory authorities’ approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy), sipuleucel-T (Provenge), nivolumab (Opdivo), and pembrolizumab (Keytruda), oncologic therapy has now moved into noncancer cell targets within the immune system. For many nonimmunologists, understanding how these vastly different therapies work to improve survival, like no other therapies have in the past, is a challenge. The present report reviews the normal function of the immune system, how cancers escape the normal immune system, and how these new therapies improve immune system reactions against cancers.
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    Sea anemone model has a single Toll-like receptor that can function in pathogen detection, NF-κB signal transduction, and development
    (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017-11-21) Brennan, Joseph J; Messerschmidt, Jonathan L; Williams, Leah M; Matthews, Bryan J; Reynoso, Marinaliz; Gilmore, Thomas D
    Significance Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in pathogen recognition and defense in organisms from fruit flies to humans. Recent genomic evidence suggests that TLRs and their downstream signaling components are present in more basal phyla. We characterize a TLR in a sea anemone model and demonstrate its ability to activate NF-κB signaling when exposed to a bacterial pathogen and a known human TLR activator. Moreover, this TLR has an early developmental role in anemones. We also identify a primitive sea anemone organ that expresses components of the TLR–to–NF-κB pathway. These results demonstrate that TLRs have ancient roles in NF-κB signal transduction, pathogen detection, and development, thus providing molecular insights into how simple marine invertebrates may respond to pathogens.