Browsing by Author "Moore, Johnathon H"

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    Acute and chronic effects of resistance training on skeletal muscle markers of mitochondrial remodeling in older adults
    (Physiological Reports, 2020-08) Mesquita, Paulo HC; Lamb, Donald A; Parry, Hailey A; Moore, Johnathon H; Smith, Morgan A; Vann, Christopher G; Osburn, Shelby C; Fox, Carlton D; Ruple, Bradley A; Huggins, Kevin W; Fruge, Andrew D; Young, Kaelin C; Kavazis, Andreas N; Roberts, Michael D
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    Effects of Resistance Training on the Redox Status of Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults
    (Antioxidants) Mesquita, Paulo HC; Lamb, Donald A; Godwin, Joshua S; Osburn, Shelby C; Ruple, Bradley A; Moore, Johnathon H; Vann, Christopher G; Huggins, Kevin W; Fruge, Andrew D; Young, Kaelin C; Kavazis, Andreas N; Roberts, Michael D
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on the redox status of skeletal muscle in older adults. Thirteen males aged 64 ± 9 years performed full-body RT 2x/week for 6 weeks. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to and following RT. The mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity levels of various endogenous antioxidants were determined. In addition, skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were determined as markers of oxidative damage. Protein levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were also quantified. RT increased mRNA levels of all assayed antioxidant genes, albeit protein levels either did not change or decreased. RT increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities, and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. Lipid peroxidation also decreased and HSP60 protein increased following RT. In summary, 6 weeks of RT decreased oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results suggest the older adult responses to RT involve multi-level (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational) control of the redox status of skeletal muscle.
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    Resistance training increases muscle NAD+ and NADH concentrations as well as NAMPT protein levels and global sirtuin activity in middle-aged, overweight, untrained individuals
    (Aging, 2020-05-05) Lamb, Donald A; Moore, Johnathon H; Mesquita, Paulo Henrique Caldeira; Smith, Morgan A; Vann, Christopher G; Osburn, Shelby C; Fox, Carlton D; Lopez, Hector L; Ziegenfuss, Tim N; Huggins, Kevin W; Goodlett, Michael D; Fruge, Andrew D; Kavazis, Andreas N; Young, Kaelin C; Roberts, Michael D
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    Skeletal Muscle Myofibrillar Protein Abundance Is Higher in Resistance-Trained Men, and Aging in the Absence of Training May Have an Opposite Effect
    (Sports) Vann, Christopher G; Roberson, Paul A; Osburn, Shelby C; Mumford, Petey W; Romero, Matthew A; Fox, Carlton D; Moore, Johnathon H; Haun, Cody; Beck, Darren T; Moon, Jordan R; Kavazis, Andreas N; Young, Kaelin C; Badisa, Veera LD; Mwashote, Benjamin M; Ibeanusi, Victor; Singh, Rakesh K; Roberts, Michael D
    Resistance training generally increases skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereas aging is associated with a loss in muscle mass. Interestingly, select studies suggest that aging, as well as resistance training, may lead to a reduction in the abundance of skeletal muscle myofibrillar (or contractile) protein (per mg tissue). Proteomic interrogations have also demonstrated that aging, as well as weeks to months of resistance training, lead to appreciable alterations in the muscle proteome. Given this evidence, the purpose of this small pilot study was to examine total myofibrillar as well as total sarcoplasmic protein concentrations (per mg wet muscle) from the vastus lateralis muscle of males who were younger and resistance-trained (denoted as YT, n = 6, 25 ± 4 years old, 10 ± 3 self-reported years of training), younger and untrained (denoted as YU, n = 6, 21 ± 1 years old), and older and untrained (denoted as OU, n = 6, 62 ± 8 years old). The relative abundances of actin and myosin heavy chain (per mg tissue) were also examined using SDS-PAGE and Coomassie staining, and shotgun proteomics was used to interrogate the abundances of individual sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins between cohorts. Whole-body fat-free mass (YT > YU = OU), VL thickness (YT > YU = OU), and leg extensor peak torque (YT > YU = OU) differed between groups (p < 0.05). Total myofibrillar protein concentrations were greater in YT versus OU (p = 0.005), but were not different between YT versus YU (p = 0.325). The abundances of actin and myosin heavy chain were greater in YT versus YU (p < 0.05) and OU (p < 0.001). Total sarcoplasmic protein concentrations were not different between groups. While proteomics indicated that marginal differences existed for individual myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins between YT versus other groups, age-related differences were more prominent for myofibrillar proteins (YT = YU > OU, p < 0.05: 7 proteins; OU > YT = YU, p < 0.05: 11 proteins) and sarcoplasmic proteins (YT = YU > OU, p < 0.05: 8 proteins; OU > YT&YU, p < 0.05: 29 proteins). In summary, our data suggest that modest (~9%) myofibrillar protein packing (on a per mg muscle basis) was evident in the YT group. This study also provides further evidence to suggest that notable skeletal muscle proteome differences exist between younger and older humans. However, given that our n-sizes are low, these results only provide a preliminary phenotyping of the reported protein and proteomic variables.
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    Skeletal Muscle Protein Composition Adaptations to 10 Weeks of High-Load Resistance Training in Previously-Trained Males
    (Frontiers in Physiology) Vann, Christopher G; Osburn, Shelby C; Mumford, Petey W; Roberson, Paul A; Fox, Carlton D; Sexton, Casey L; Johnson, McLelland-Rae; Johnson, Joel S; Shake, Jacob; Moore, Johnathon H; Millevoi, Kevin; Beck, Darren T; Badisa, Veera LD; Mwashote, Benjamin M; Ibeanusi, Victor; Singh, Rakesh K; Roberts, Michael D
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    The effects of resistance training with or without peanut protein supplementation on skeletal muscle and strength adaptations in older individuals
    (Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2020-01-03) Lamb, Donald A; Moore, Johnathon H; Smith, Morgan A; Vann, Christopher G; Osburn, Shelby C; Ruple, Bradley A; Fox, Carlton D; Smith, Kristen S; Altonji, Olivia M; Power, Zade M; Cerovsky, Annsley E; Ross, C Owen; Cao, Andy T; Goodlett, Michael D; Huggins, Kevin W; Fruge, Andrew D; Young, Kaelin C; Roberts, Michael D