Browsing by Author "Munshaw, Supriya"

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    H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination.
    (PloS one, 2011-01) Moody, M Anthony; Zhang, Ruijun; Walter, Emmanuel B; Woods, Christopher W; Ginsburg, Geoffrey S; McClain, Micah T; Denny, Thomas N; Chen, Xi; Munshaw, Supriya; Marshall, Dawn J; Whitesides, John F; Drinker, Mark S; Amos, Joshua D; Gurley, Thaddeus C; Eudailey, Joshua A; Foulger, Andrew; DeRosa, Katherine R; Parks, Robert; Meyerhoff, R Ryan; Yu, Jae-Sung; Kozink, Daniel M; Barefoot, Brice E; Ramsburg, Elizabeth A; Khurana, Surender; Golding, Hana; Vandergrift, Nathan A; Alam, S Munir; Tomaras, Georgia D; Kepler, Thomas B; Kelsoe, Garnett; Liao, Hua-Xin; Haynes, Barton F
    During the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic, excess morbidity and mortality was seen in young but not older adults suggesting that prior infection with influenza strains may have protected older subjects. In contrast, a history of recent seasonal trivalent vaccine in younger adults was not associated with protection.To study hemagglutinin (HA) antibody responses in influenza immunization and infection, we have studied the day 7 plasma cell repertoires of subjects immunized with seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and compared them to the plasma cell repertoires of subjects experimentally infected (EI) with influenza H3N2 A/Wisconsin/67/2005. The majority of circulating plasma cells after TIV produced influenza-specific antibodies, while most plasma cells after EI produced antibodies that did not react with influenza HA. While anti-HA antibodies from TIV subjects were primarily reactive with single or few HA strains, anti-HA antibodies from EI subjects were isolated that reacted with multiple HA strains. Plasma cell-derived anti-HA antibodies from TIV subjects showed more evidence of clonal expansion compared with antibodies from EI subjects. From an H3N2-infected subject, we isolated a 4-member clonal lineage of broadly cross-reactive antibodies that bound to multiple HA subtypes and neutralized both H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. This broad reactivity was not detected in post-infection plasma suggesting this broadly reactive clonal lineage was not immunodominant in this subject.The presence of broadly reactive subdominant antibody responses in some EI subjects suggests that improved vaccine designs that make broadly reactive antibody responses immunodominant could protect against novel influenza strains.
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    Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutated.
    (J Exp Med, 2011-10-24) Liao, Hua-Xin; Chen, Xi; Munshaw, Supriya; Zhang, Ruijun; Marshall, Dawn J; Vandergrift, Nathan; Whitesides, John F; Lu, Xiaozhi; Yu, Jae-Sung; Hwang, Kwan-Ki; Gao, Feng; Markowitz, Martin; Heath, Sonya L; Bar, Katharine J; Goepfert, Paul A; Montefiori, David C; Shaw, George C; Alam, S Munir; Margolis, David M; Denny, Thomas N; Boyd, Scott D; Marshal, Eleanor; Egholm, Michael; Simen, Birgitte B; Hanczaruk, Bozena; Fire, Andrew Z; Voss, Gerald; Kelsoe, Garnett; Tomaras, Georgia D; Moody, M Anthony; Kepler, Thomas B; Haynes, Barton F
    The initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted to envelope (Env) gp41, and is nonneutralizing and ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins and characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced shortly after HIV-1 transmission, we isolated and studied gp41-reactive plasma cells from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1. The frequencies of somatic mutations were relatively high in these gp41-reactive antibodies. Reverted unmutated ancestors of gp41-reactive antibodies derived from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1 frequently did not react with autologous HIV-1 Env; however, these antibodies were polyreactive and frequently bound to host or bacterial antigens. In one large clonal lineage of gp41-reactive antibodies, reactivity to HIV-1 Env was acquired only after somatic mutations. Polyreactive gp41-binding antibodies were also isolated from uninfected individuals. These data suggest that the majority of gp41-binding antibodies produced after acute HIV-1 infection are cross-reactive responses generated by stimulating memory B cells that have previously been activated by non-HIV-1 antigens.
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    Reconstructing a B-Cell Clonal Lineage. II. Mutation, Selection, and Affinity Maturation.
    (Front Immunol, 2014) Kepler, Thomas B; Munshaw, Supriya; Wiehe, Kevin; Zhang, Ruijun; Yu, Jae-Sung; Woods, Christopher W; Denny, Thomas N; Tomaras, Georgia D; Alam, S Munir; Moody, M Anthony; Kelsoe, Garnett; Liao, Hua-Xin; Haynes, Barton F
    Affinity maturation of the antibody response is a fundamental process in adaptive immunity during which B-cells activated by infection or vaccination undergo rapid proliferation accompanied by the acquisition of point mutations in their rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and selection for increased affinity for the eliciting antigen. The rate of somatic hypermutation at any position within an Ig gene is known to depend strongly on the local DNA sequence, and Ig genes have region-specific codon biases that influence the local mutation rate within the gene resulting in increased differential mutability in the regions that encode the antigen-binding domains. We have isolated a set of clonally related natural Ig heavy chain-light chain pairs from an experimentally infected influenza patient, inferred the unmutated ancestral rearrangements and the maturation intermediates, and synthesized all the antibodies using recombinant methods. The lineage exhibits a remarkably uniform rate of improvement of the effective affinity to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) over evolutionary time, increasing 1000-fold overall from the unmutated ancestor to the best of the observed antibodies. Furthermore, analysis of selection reveals that selection and mutation bias were concordant even at the level of maturation to a single antigen. Substantial improvement in affinity to HA occurred along mutationally preferred paths in sequence space and was thus strongly facilitated by the underlying local codon biases.