Browsing by Author "Nguyen, TV"

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    Clinical characteristics and outcome of Penicillium marneffei infection among HIV-infected patients in northern Vietnam
    (AIDS Research and Therapy, 2012-08-16) Larsson, M; Nguyen, LHT; Wertheim, HFL; Dao, TT; Taylor, W; Horby, P; Nguyen, TV; Nguyen, MHT; Le, T; Nguyen, KV
    Objective: This study reports the clinical characteristics and outcome of HIV-associated Penicilliummarneffei infection in northern Vietnam.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with laboratory confirmed Penicilliummarneffei infection admitted to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi, Vietnam, between July 2006 and September 2009.Results: 127 patients with P. marneffei infection were identified. All were HIV-infected; median CD4+ T-cell count was 24 cells/μl (IQR:12-48); 76% were men. Common clinical features were fever (92.9%), skin lesions (82.6%), hepatomegaly (61.4%), lymphadenopathy (40.2%), weight loss (59.1%) and cough (49.6%). Concurrent opportunistic infections were present in 22.0%; half of those had tuberculosis. Initial treatment regimens were: itraconazole or ketoconazole capsule (77.2%), amphotericin B (20.5%), and fluconazole (1.6%). In-hospital mortality was 12.6% and showed no significant difference in patients treated with itraconazole (or ketoconazole) and amphotericin B (p = 0.43). Dyspnea, ascites, and increased LDH level were independent predictors of mortality. No seasonality was observed.Conclusion: The clinical features, treatments and outcomes of HIV-associated P. marneffei infection in northern Vietnam are similar to those reported in other endemic regions. Dyspnea was an important predictor of mortality. More patients were treated with itraconazole than amphotericin B and no significant difference in treatment outcome was observed. It would be of clinical value to compare the efficacy of oral itraconazole and amphotericin B in a clinical trial. © 2012 Larsson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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    The effect of market competition on bribery in emerging economies: An empirical analysis of Vietnamese firms
    (World Development, 2020-07-01) Malesky, EJ; Nguyen, TV; Bach, TN; Ho, BD
    © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Studies of firm bribery have not fully examined how market competition conditions the effects of social norms on firms’ bribe payments. We suggest that firms pay bribes to obtain abnormal rents and/or to conform to accepted rules of corruption. These motivations operate differently, depending on the level of market competition. Using data from an annual survey of 10,000 Vietnamese firms between 2006 and 2017, we find that in environments characterized by open competition, bribery is positively associated with long-standing norms in the business social context, while in closed-competition environments, bribe payments are functions of rents that accrue from uncertainty in policy-making.