Browsing by Author "Nooner, Kate B"

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    A Pilot Study of Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structures in Adolescents With Alcohol Use Disorders: Does Maltreatment History Matter?
    (Child Maltreatment) De Bellis, Michael D; Morey, Rajendra A; Nooner, Kate B; Woolley, Donald P; Haswell, Courtney C; Hooper, Stephen R
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    Adolescent Executive Dysfunction in Daily Life: Relationships to Risks, Brain Structure and Substance Use.
    (Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2017-01) Clark, Duncan B; Chung, Tammy; Martin, Christopher S; Hasler, Brant P; Fitzgerald, Douglas H; Luna, Beatriz; Brown, Sandra A; Tapert, Susan F; Brumback, Ty; Cummins, Kevin; Pfefferbaum, Adolf; Sullivan, Edith V; Pohl, Kilian M; Colrain, Ian M; Baker, Fiona C; De Bellis, Michael D; Nooner, Kate B; Nagel, Bonnie J
    During adolescence, problems reflecting cognitive, behavioral and affective dysregulation, such as inattention and emotional dyscontrol, have been observed to be associated with substance use disorder (SUD) risks and outcomes. Prior studies have typically been with small samples, and have typically not included comprehensive measurement of executive dysfunction domains. The relationships of executive dysfunction in daily life with performance based testing of cognitive skills and structural brain characteristics, thought to be the basis for executive functioning, have not been definitively determined. The aims of this study were to determine the relationships between executive dysfunction in daily life, measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), cognitive skills and structural brain characteristics, and SUD risks, including a global SUD risk indicator, sleep quality, and risky alcohol and cannabis use. In addition to bivariate relationships, multivariate models were tested. The subjects (n = 817; ages 12 through 21) were participants in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The results indicated that executive dysfunction was significantly related to SUD risks, poor sleep quality, risky alcohol use and cannabis use, and was not significantly related to cognitive skills or structural brain characteristics. In multivariate models, the relationship between poor sleep quality and risky substance use was mediated by executive dysfunction. While these cross-sectional relationships need to be further examined in longitudinal analyses, the results suggest that poor sleep quality and executive dysfunction may be viable preventive intervention targets to reduce adolescent substance use.
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    Factors related to posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescence.
    (Trauma Violence Abuse, 2012-07) Nooner, Kate B; Linares, L Oriana; Batinjane, Jessica; Kramer, Rachel A; Silva, Raul; Cloitre, Marylene
    Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescence published from 2000 to 2011 indicate that adolescents are at greater risk of experiencing trauma than either adults or children, and that the prevalence of PTSD among adolescents is 3-57%. Age, gender, type of trauma, and repeated trauma are discussed as factors related to the increased rates of adolescent PTSD. PTSD in adolescence is also associated with suicide, substance abuse, poor social support, academic problems, and poor physical health. PTSD may disrupt biological maturational processes and contribute to the long-term emotion and behavior regulation problems that are often evident in adolescents with the disorder. Recommendations are presented for practice and research regarding the promotion of targeted prevention and intervention services to maximize adolescents' strengths and minimize vulnerabilities. Public policy implications are discussed.
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    Relationship of trauma symptoms to amygdala-based functional brain changes in adolescents.
    (J Trauma Stress, 2013-12) Nooner, Kate B; Mennes, Maarten; Brown, Shaquanna; Castellanos, F Xavier; Leventhal, Bennett; Milham, Michael P; Colcombe, Stanley J
    In this pilot study, amygdala connectivity related to trauma symptoms was explored using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) in 23 healthy adolescents ages 13-17 years with no psychiatric diagnoses. Adolescents completed a self-report trauma symptom checklist and a R-fMRI scan. We examined the relationship of trauma symptoms to resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala. Increasing self-report of trauma symptoms by adolescents was associated with increasing functional connectivity with the right amygdala and a local limbic cluster and decreasing functional connectivity with the amygdala and a long-range frontoparietal cluster to the left amygdala, which can be a hallmark of immaturity. These pilot findings in adolescents provide preliminary evidence that even mild trauma symptoms can be linked to the configuration of brain networks associated with the amygdala.
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    Retaining Adolescent and Young Adult Participants in Research During a Pandemic: Best Practices From Two Large-Scale Developmental Neuroimaging Studies (NCANDA and ABCD).
    (Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2020-01) Nooner, Kate B; Chung, Tammy; Feldstein Ewing, Sarah W; Brumback, Ty; Arwood, Zjanya; Tapert, Susan F; Brown, Sandra A; Cottler, Linda
    The novel coronavirus pandemic that emerged in late 2019 (COVID-19) has created challenges not previously experienced in human research. This paper discusses two large-scale NIH-funded multi-site longitudinal studies of adolescents and young adults - the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study - and valuable approaches to learn about adaptive processes for conducting developmentally sensitive research with neuroimaging and neurocognitive testing across consortia during a global pandemic. We focus on challenges experienced during the pandemic and modifications that may guide other projects, such as implementing adapted protocols that protect the safety of participants and research staff, and addressing assessment challenges through the use of strategies such as remote and mobile assessments. Given the pandemic's disproportionate impacts on participants typically underrepresented in research, we describe efforts to retain these individuals. The pandemic provides an opportunity to develop adaptive processes that can facilitate future studies' ability to mobilize effectively and rapidly.