Browsing by Author "Ross, J"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    A D2O detector for flux normalization of a pion decay-at-rest neutrino source
    (Journal of Instrumentation, 2021-08-01) Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bolozdynya, A; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Day, E; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Gallo Rosso, A; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Koros, J; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Ward, EM; Wiseman, C; Wongjirad, T; Yen, YR; Yoo, J; Yu, CH; Zettlemoyer, J
    We report on the technical design and expected performance of a 592 kg heavy-water-Cherenkov detector to measure the absolute neutrino flux from the pion-decay-at-rest neutrino source at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The detector will be located roughly 20 m from the SNS target and will measure the neutrino flux with better than 5% statistical uncertainty in 2 years. This heavy-water detector will serve as the first module of a two-module detector system to ultimately measure the neutrino flux to 2-3% at both the First Target Station and the planned Second Target Station of the SNS. This detector will significantly reduce a dominant systematic uncertainty for neutrino cross-section measurements at the SNS, increasing the sensitivity of searches for new physics.
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    Energy information engagement among the poor: Predicting participation in a free workshop
    (Energy Research and Social Science, 2014-12-01) Southwell, B; Ronneberg, K; Shen, K; Jorgens, E; Hazel, J; Alemu, R; Ross, J; Richman, L; Vermeer, D
    © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Although one option for increasing low-income consumer knowledge regarding household energy use is the development of free or low-cost educational workshops, exactly how to promote attendance for such workshops remains an open question. Here we briefly outline results from a set of in-depth interviews with applicants to the Low-Income Energy Assistance Program in Durham County, NC, USA. Models predicting intended attendance at workshops or community meetings suggested that factors such as utility costs, social norms, perceived ability to plan ahead, and perceived accessibility of energy information all matter more than one's general attitude toward energy workshop attendance. Many respondents expressed interest in energy education materials and faced challenging utility costs, but meeting attendance appears to be constrained by the everyday life obstacles of the poor.
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    Essential role of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in cardiac development and function.
    (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996-11-12) Jaber, M; Koch, WJ; Rockman, H; Smith, B; Bond, RA; Sulik, KK; Ross, J; Lefkowitz, RJ; Caron, MG; Giros, B
    The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (beta ARK1) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family that mediates the agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors. We have cloned and disrupted the beta ARK1 gene in mice by homologous recombination. No homozygote beta ARK1-/- embryos survive beyond gestational day 15.5. Prior to gestational day 15.5, beta ARK1-/- embryos display pronounced hypoplasia of the ventricular myocardium essentially identical to the "thin myocardium syndrome" observed upon gene inactivation of several transcription factors (RXR alpha, N-myc, TEF-1, WT-1). Lethality in beta ARK1-/- embryos is likely due to heart failure as they exhibit a > 70% decrease in cardiac ejection fraction determined by direct in utero intravital microscopy. These results along with the virtual absence of endogenous GRK activity in beta ARK1-/- embryos demonstrate that beta ARK1 appears to be the predominant GRK in early embryogenesis and that it plays a fundamental role in cardiac development.
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    Expression of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice.
    (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998-06-09) Rockman, HA; Chien, KR; Choi, DJ; Iaccarino, G; Hunter, JJ; Ross, J; Lefkowitz, RJ; Koch, WJ
    Heart failure is accompanied by severely impaired beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) function, which includes loss of betaAR density and functional uncoupling of remaining receptors. An important mechanism for the rapid desensitization of betaAR function is agonist-stimulated receptor phosphorylation by the betaAR kinase (betaARK1), an enzyme known to be elevated in failing human heart tissue. To investigate whether alterations in betaAR function contribute to the development of myocardial failure, transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of either a peptide inhibitor of betaARK1 or the beta2AR were mated into a genetic model of murine heart failure (MLP-/-). In vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Both MLP-/- and MLP-/-/beta2AR mice had enlarged left ventricular (LV) chambers with significantly reduced fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. In contrast, MLP-/-/betaARKct mice had normal LV chamber size and function. Basal LV contractility in the MLP-/-/betaARKct mice, as measured by LV dP/dtmax, was increased significantly compared with the MLP-/- mice but less than controls. Importantly, heightened betaAR desensitization in the MLP-/- mice, measured in vivo (responsiveness to isoproterenol) and in vitro (isoproterenol-stimulated membrane adenylyl cyclase activity), was completely reversed with overexpression of the betaARK1 inhibitor. We report here the striking finding that overexpression of this inhibitor prevents the development of cardiomyopathy in this murine model of heart failure. These findings implicate abnormal betaAR-G protein coupling in the pathogenesis of the failing heart and point the way toward development of agents to inhibit betaARK1 as a novel mode of therapy.
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    First Probe of Sub-GeV Dark Matter Beyond the Cosmological Expectation with the COHERENT CsI Detector at the SNS
    Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Sander, J; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, J
    The COHERENT collaboration searched for scalar dark matter particles produced at the Spallation Neutron Source with masses between 1 and 220~MeV/c$^2$ using a CsI[Na] scintillation detector sensitive to nuclear recoils above 9~keV$_\text{nr}$. No evidence for dark matter is found and we thus place limits on allowed parameter space. With this low-threshold detector, we are sensitive to coherent elastic scattering between dark matter and nuclei. The cross section for this process is orders of magnitude higher than for other processes historically used for accelerator-based direct-detection searches so that our small, 14.6~kg detector significantly improves on past constraints. At peak sensitivity, we reject the flux consistent with the cosmologically observed dark-matter concentration for all coupling constants $\alpha_D<0.64$, assuming a scalar dark-matter particle. We also calculate the sensitivity of future COHERENT detectors to dark-matter signals which will ambitiously test multiple dark-matter spin scenarios.
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    Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENT
    Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Melikyan, YA; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, J
    We present results of several measurements of CsI[Na] scintillation response to 3-60 keV energy nuclear recoils performed by the COHERENT collaboration using tagged neutron elastic scattering experiments and an endpoint technique. Earlier results, used to estimate the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) event rate for the first observation of this process achieved by COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), have been reassessed. We discuss corrections for the identified systematic effects and update the respective uncertainty values. The impact of updated results on future precision tests of CEvNS is estimated. We scrutinize potential systematic effects that could affect each measurement. In particular we confirm the response of the H11934-200 Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube (PMT) used for the measurements presented in this study to be linear in the relevant signal scale region.
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    Measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Cross Section on CsI by COHERENT
    Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, J
    We measured the cross section of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (\cevns{}) using a CsI[Na] scintillating crystal in a high flux of neutrinos produced at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. New data collected before detector decommissioning has more than doubled the dataset since the first observation of \cevns{}, achieved with this detector. Systematic uncertainties have also been reduced with an updated quenching model, allowing for improved precision. With these analysis improvements, the COHERENT collaboration determined the cross section to be $(165^{+30}_{-25})\times10^{-40}$~cm$^2$, consistent with the standard model, giving the most precise measurement of \cevns{} yet. The timing structure of the neutrino beam has been exploited to compare the \cevns{} cross section from scattering of different neutrino flavors. This result places leading constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions while testing lepton flavor universality and measures the weak mixing angle as $\sin^2\theta_{W}=0.220^{+0.028}_{-0.026}$ at $Q^2\approx(50\text{ MeV})^2$
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    Monitoring the SNS basement neutron background with the MARS detector
    (JINST, 2021-12-05) Collaboration, COHERENT; Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Johnson, BA; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, J
    We present the analysis and results of the first dataset collected with the MARS neutron detector deployed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) for the purpose of monitoring and characterizing the beam-related neutron (BRN) background for the COHERENT collaboration. MARS was positioned next to the COH-CsI coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering detector in the SNS basement corridor. This is the basement location of closest proximity to the SNS target and thus, of highest neutrino flux, but it is also well shielded from the BRN flux by infill concrete and gravel. These data show the detector registered roughly one BRN per day. Using MARS' measured detection efficiency, the incoming BRN flux is estimated to be $1.20~\pm~0.56~\text{neutrons}/\text{m}^2/\text{MWh}$ for neutron energies above $\sim3.5$ MeV and up to a few tens of MeV. We compare our results with previous BRN measurements in the SNS basement corridor reported by other neutron detectors.
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    Simulating the neutrino flux from the Spallation Neutron Source for the COHERENT experiment
    Collaboration, COHERENT; Akimov, D; An, P; Awe, C; Barbeau, PS; Becker, B; Belov, V; Bernardi, I; Blackston, MA; Bock, C; Bolozdynya, A; Browning, J; Cabrera-Palmer, B; Chernyak, D; Conley, E; Daughhetee, J; Detwiler, J; Ding, K; Durand, MR; Efremenko, Y; Elliott, SR; Fabris, L; Febbraro, M; Galambos, J; Rosso, A Gallo; Galindo-Uribarri, A; Green, MP; Heath, MR; Hedges, S; Hoang, D; Hughes, M; Iverson, E; Johnson, T; Khromov, A; Konovalov, A; Kozlova, E; Kumpan, A; Li, L; Link, JM; Liu, J; Mann, K; Markoff, DM; Mastroberti, J; McIntyre, M; Mueller, PE; Newby, J; Parno, DS; Penttila, SI; Pershey, D; Rapp, R; Ray, H; Raybern, J; Razuvaeva, O; Reyna, D; Rich, GC; Rimal, D; Ross, J; Rudik, D; Runge, J; Salvat, DJ; Salyapongse, AM; Scholberg, K; Shakirov, A; Simakov, G; Sinev, G; Snow, WM; Sosnovstsev, V; Suh, B; Tayloe, R; Tellez-Giron-Flores, K; Tolstukhin, I; Trotter, S; Ujah, E; Vanderwerp, J; Varner, RL; Virtue, CJ; Visser, G; Wongjirad, T; Yen, Y-R; Yoo, J; Yu, C-H; Zettlemoyer, J; Zhang, S
    The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a pulsed source of neutrons and, as a byproduct of this operation, an intense source of pulsed neutrinos via stopped-pion decay. The COHERENT collaboration uses this source to investigate coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and other physics with a suite of detectors. This work includes a description of our Geant4 simulation of neutrino production at the SNS and the flux calculation which informs the COHERENT studies. We estimate the uncertainty of this calculation at about 10% based on validation against available low-energy pion production data.