Browsing by Author "Royal, Charmaine Dm"
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Item Open Access Genes, Race, and Causation: US Public Perspectives About Racial Difference(Race and Social Problems, 2018-06-01) Outram, Simon; Graves, Joseph L; Powell, Jill; Wolpert, Chantelle; Haynie, Kerry L; Foster, Morris W; Blanchard, Jessica W; Hoffmeyer, Anna; Agans, Robert P; Royal, Charmaine Dm© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Concerns have been raised that the increase in popular interest in genetics may herald a new era within which racial inequities are seen as “natural” or immutable. In the following study, we provide data from a nationally representative survey on how the US population perceives general ability, athleticism, and intellect being determined by race and/or genetics and whether they believe racial health inequities to be primarily the product of genetic or social factors. We find that self-described race is of primary importance in attributing general ability to race, increasing age is a significant factor in attributing athleticism and intellect to genes and race, and education is a significant factor in decreasing such racially and genetically deterministic views. Beliefs about the meaning of race are statistically significantly associated with respect to the perception of athletic abilities and marginally associated with the perception of racial health inequalities being either socially or genetically derived. Race, education, socioeconomic status, and concepts of race were frequently found to be multiplicative in their statistical effects. The persistent acceptance of a genetically and racially deterministic view of athleticism among the White and older population group is discussed with respect to its social impact, as is the high level of agreement that general abilities are determined by race among non-White respondents and those of lower socioeconomic status. We argue that these findings highlight that both biological and non-biological forms of understanding race continue to play a role into the politics of race and social difference within contemporary US society.Item Open Access Implementation of the NCAA Sickle Cell Trait Screening Policy: A Survey of Athletic Staff and Student-athletes.(Journal of the National Medical Association, 2018-12) Baker, Charlotte; Powell, Jill; Le, Dominic; Creary, Melissa S; Daley, Lori-Ann; McDonald, Mary Anne; Royal, Charmaine DmOBJECTIVE:To describe the perspectives and experiences of athletic trainers, coaches, and student-athletes approximately three years post-implementation of the NCAA sickle cell trait (SCT) screening policy. PARTICIPANTS:Two-hundred and eight student-athletes, 32 athletic trainers, and 43 coaches from 10 NCAA Division I (DI) institutions in North Carolina from January to June 2014. METHODS:Two online surveys were used to assess knowledge, perspectives, and experiences. RESULTS:Athletic staff were more supportive than student-athletes of the need for the policy. Noted challenges included variation in implementation and follow-up for SCT-positive athletes, financial costs to institutions and athletes, and timing of the screening. CONCLUSIONS:More education about SCT is needed for student-athletes and athletic staff in order to help make the implementation more successful. All parties need to be in agreement regarding the importance of knowing which student-athletes have SCT and how that information will be utilized.