Browsing by Author "Rupert, Adam"

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    Country of residence is associated with distinct inflammatory biomarker signatures in HIV-infected patients.
    (J Virus Erad, 2017-01-01) Manion, Maura; Andrade, Bruno B; DerSimonian, Rebecca; Gu, Wenjuan; Rupert, Adam; Musselwhite, Laura W; Sierra-Madero, Juan G; Belaunzaran-Zamudio, Pablo F; Sanne, Ian; Lederman, Michael M; Sereti, Irini
    BACKGROUND: Inflammation and coagulation biomarkers are independent predictors of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. The impact of country of residence on these biomarkers is unknown and was investigated in persons at similar stages of HIV infection. METHODS: Cryopreserved plasma specimens were analysed from 267 ART-naive patients with CD4 cell counts <100 cells/μl from Mexico (n=124) and South Africa (n=143). Biomarkers were compared and dimension reduction analyses were performed to highlight biosignatures according to nationality, gender and tuberculosis co-infection. RESULTS: Mexican patients were significantly different from South Africans with regard to age, gender, CD4 cell count, haemoglobin, presence of AIDS-defining illness and prevalence of active tuberculosis. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, patients from Mexico had higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-8, and CXCL-10 whereas patients from South Africa had higher levels of fibrinogen, LTB4, P-selectin, protein S, and sCD40 ligand. The effect of country on the profile of biomarker expression was stronger than gender differences and tuberculosis co-infection. CONCLUSION: Inflammation and coagulation biomarkers vary significantly by country. Further studies are needed to evaluate how these differences may contribute to HIV pathogenesis and prognosis in diverse populations and how they can be accounted for in studies using biomarkers as surrogate end points.
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    Vitamin D, D-dimer, Interferon γ, and sCD14 Levels are Independently Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Prospective, International Study
    (EBioMedicine, 2016-02-01) Musselwhite, Laura W; Andrade, Bruno B; Ellenberg, Susan S; Tierney, Ann; Belaunzaran-Zamudio, Pablo F; Rupert, Adam; Lederman, Michael M; Sanne, Ian; Sierra Madero, Juan G; Sereti, Irini
    © 2015To determine the immunological profile most important for IRIS prediction, we evaluated 20 baseline plasma biomarkers in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patients were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled ART initiation trial in South Africa and Mexico to test whether maraviroc could prevent IRIS. Participants were classified prospectively as having IRIS within 6 months of ART initiation. Twenty plasma biomarkers were measured at study enrollment for 267 participants. Biomarkers were tested for predicting IRIS with adjustment for covariates chosen through forward stepwise selection. Sixty-two participants developed IRIS and of these 19 were tuberculosis (TB)-IRIS. Baseline levels of vitamin D and higher D-dimer, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and sCD14 were independently associated with risk of IRIS in multivariate analyses. TB-IRIS cases exhibited a distinct biosignature from IRIS related to other pathogens, with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), sCD14, IFNγ, and lower levels of Hb that could be captured by a composite risk score. Elevated markers of Type 1 T helper (Th1) response, monocyte activation, coagulation and low vitamin D were independently associated with IRIS risk. Interventions that decrease immune activation and increase vitamin D levels warrant further study.