Browsing by Author "Schmidt, Reinhold"

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    Association between increased magnetic susceptibility of deep gray matter nuclei and decreased motor function in healthy adults.
    (Neuroimage, 2015-01-15) Li, Wei; Langkammer, Christian; Chou, Ying-Hui; Petrovic, Katja; Schmidt, Reinhold; Song, Allen W; Madden, David J; Ropele, Stefan; Liu, Chunlei
    In the human brain, iron is more prevalent in gray matter than in white matter, and deep gray matter structures, particularly the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus, exhibit especially high iron content. Abnormally elevated iron levels have been found in various neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, iron overload and related neurodegeneration may also occur during aging, but the functional consequences are not clear. In this study, we explored the correlation between magnetic susceptibility--a surrogate marker of brain iron--of these gray matter structures with behavioral measures of motor and cognitive abilities, in 132 healthy adults aged 40-83 years. Latent variables corresponding to manual dexterity and executive functions were obtained using factor analysis. The factor scores for manual dexterity declined significantly with increasing age. Independent of gender, age, and global cognitive function, increasing magnetic susceptibility in the globus pallidus and red nuclei was associated with decreasing manual dexterity. This finding suggests the potential value of magnetic susceptibility, a non-invasive quantitative imaging marker of iron, for the study of iron-related brain function changes.
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    The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex.
    (Science (New York, N.Y.), 2020-03) Grasby, Katrina L; Jahanshad, Neda; Painter, Jodie N; Colodro-Conde, Lucía; Bralten, Janita; Hibar, Derrek P; Lind, Penelope A; Pizzagalli, Fabrizio; Ching, Christopher RK; McMahon, Mary Agnes B; Shatokhina, Natalia; Zsembik, Leo CP; Thomopoulos, Sophia I; Zhu, Alyssa H; Strike, Lachlan T; Agartz, Ingrid; Alhusaini, Saud; Almeida, Marcio AA; Alnæs, Dag; Amlien, Inge K; Andersson, Micael; Ard, Tyler; Armstrong, Nicola J; Ashley-Koch, Allison; Atkins, Joshua R; Bernard, Manon; Brouwer, Rachel M; Buimer, Elizabeth EL; Bülow, Robin; Bürger, Christian; Cannon, Dara M; Chakravarty, Mallar; Chen, Qiang; Cheung, Joshua W; Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste; Dale, Anders M; Dalvie, Shareefa; de Araujo, Tânia K; de Zubicaray, Greig I; de Zwarte, Sonja MC; den Braber, Anouk; Doan, Nhat Trung; Dohm, Katharina; Ehrlich, Stefan; Engelbrecht, Hannah-Ruth; Erk, Susanne; Fan, Chun Chieh; Fedko, Iryna O; Foley, Sonya F; Ford, Judith M; Fukunaga, Masaki; Garrett, Melanie E; Ge, Tian; Giddaluru, Sudheer; Goldman, Aaron L; Green, Melissa J; Groenewold, Nynke A; Grotegerd, Dominik; Gurholt, Tiril P; Gutman, Boris A; Hansell, Narelle K; Harris, Mathew A; Harrison, Marc B; Haswell, Courtney C; Hauser, Michael; Herms, Stefan; Heslenfeld, Dirk J; Ho, New Fei; Hoehn, David; Hoffmann, Per; Holleran, Laurena; Hoogman, Martine; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Ikeda, Masashi; Janowitz, Deborah; Jansen, Iris E; Jia, Tianye; Jockwitz, Christiane; Kanai, Ryota; Karama, Sherif; Kasperaviciute, Dalia; Kaufmann, Tobias; Kelly, Sinead; Kikuchi, Masataka; Klein, Marieke; Knapp, Michael; Knodt, Annchen R; Krämer, Bernd; Lam, Max; Lancaster, Thomas M; Lee, Phil H; Lett, Tristram A; Lewis, Lindsay B; Lopes-Cendes, Iscia; Luciano, Michelle; Macciardi, Fabio; Marquand, Andre F; Mathias, Samuel R; Melzer, Tracy R; Milaneschi, Yuri; Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin; Moreira, Jose CV; Mühleisen, Thomas W; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram; Najt, Pablo; Nakahara, Soichiro; Nho, Kwangsik; Olde Loohuis, Loes M; Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos; Pearson, John F; Pitcher, Toni L; Pütz, Benno; Quidé, Yann; Ragothaman, Anjanibhargavi; Rashid, Faisal M; Reay, William R; Redlich, Ronny; Reinbold, Céline S; Repple, Jonathan; Richard, Geneviève; Riedel, Brandalyn C; Risacher, Shannon L; Rocha, Cristiane S; Mota, Nina Roth; Salminen, Lauren; Saremi, Arvin; Saykin, Andrew J; Schlag, Fenja; Schmaal, Lianne; Schofield, Peter R; Secolin, Rodrigo; Shapland, Chin Yang; Shen, Li; Shin, Jean; Shumskaya, Elena; Sønderby, Ida E; Sprooten, Emma; Tansey, Katherine E; Teumer, Alexander; Thalamuthu, Anbupalam; Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana; Turner, Jessica A; Uhlmann, Anne; Vallerga, Costanza Ludovica; van der Meer, Dennis; van Donkelaar, Marjolein MJ; van Eijk, Liza; van Erp, Theo GM; van Haren, Neeltje EM; van Rooij, Daan; van Tol, Marie-José; Veldink, Jan H; Verhoef, Ellen; Walton, Esther; Wang, Mingyuan; Wang, Yunpeng; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Wen, Wei; Westlye, Lars T; Whelan, Christopher D; Witt, Stephanie H; Wittfeld, Katharina; Wolf, Christiane; Wolfers, Thomas; Wu, Jing Qin; Yasuda, Clarissa L; Zaremba, Dario; Zhang, Zuo; Zwiers, Marcel P; Artiges, Eric; Assareh, Amelia A; Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa; Belger, Aysenil; Brandt, Christine L; Brown, Gregory G; Cichon, Sven; Curran, Joanne E; Davies, Gareth E; Degenhardt, Franziska; Dennis, Michelle F; Dietsche, Bruno; Djurovic, Srdjan; Doherty, Colin P; Espiritu, Ryan; Garijo, Daniel; Gil, Yolanda; Gowland, Penny A; Green, Robert C; Häusler, Alexander N; Heindel, Walter; Ho, Beng-Choon; Hoffmann, Wolfgang U; Holsboer, Florian; Homuth, Georg; Hosten, Norbert; Jack, Clifford R; Jang, MiHyun; Jansen, Andreas; Kimbrel, Nathan A; Kolskår, Knut; Koops, Sanne; Krug, Axel; Lim, Kelvin O; Luykx, Jurjen J; Mathalon, Daniel H; Mather, Karen A; Mattay, Venkata S; Matthews, Sarah; Mayoral Van Son, Jaqueline; McEwen, Sarah C; Melle, Ingrid; Morris, Derek W; Mueller, Bryon A; Nauck, Matthias; Nordvik, Jan E; Nöthen, Markus M; O'Leary, Daniel S; Opel, Nils; Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère; Pike, G Bruce; Preda, Adrian; Quinlan, Erin B; Rasser, Paul E; Ratnakar, Varun; Reppermund, Simone; Steen, Vidar M; Tooney, Paul A; Torres, Fábio R; Veltman, Dick J; Voyvodic, James T; Whelan, Robert; White, Tonya; Yamamori, Hidenaga; Adams, Hieab HH; Bis, Joshua C; Debette, Stephanie; Decarli, Charles; Fornage, Myriam; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Hofer, Edith; Ikram, M Arfan; Launer, Lenore; Longstreth, WT; Lopez, Oscar L; Mazoyer, Bernard; Mosley, Thomas H; Roshchupkin, Gennady V; Satizabal, Claudia L; Schmidt, Reinhold; Seshadri, Sudha; Yang, Qiong; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; CHARGE Consortium; EPIGEN Consortium; IMAGEN Consortium; SYS Consortium; Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative; Alvim, Marina KM; Ames, David; Anderson, Tim J; Andreassen, Ole A; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Bastin, Mark E; Baune, Bernhard T; Beckham, Jean C; Blangero, John; Boomsma, Dorret I; Brodaty, Henry; Brunner, Han G; Buckner, Randy L; Buitelaar, Jan K; Bustillo, Juan R; Cahn, Wiepke; Cairns, Murray J; Calhoun, Vince; Carr, Vaughan J; Caseras, Xavier; Caspers, Svenja; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L; Cendes, Fernando; Corvin, Aiden; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Dalrymple-Alford, John C; Dannlowski, Udo; de Geus, Eco JC; Deary, Ian J; Delanty, Norman; Depondt, Chantal; Desrivières, Sylvane; Donohoe, Gary; Espeseth, Thomas; Fernández, Guillén; Fisher, Simon E; Flor, Herta; Forstner, Andreas J; Francks, Clyde; Franke, Barbara; Glahn, David C; Gollub, Randy L; Grabe, Hans J; Gruber, Oliver; Håberg, Asta K; Hariri, Ahmad R; Hartman, Catharina A; Hashimoto, Ryota; Heinz, Andreas; Henskens, Frans A; Hillegers, Manon HJ; Hoekstra, Pieter J; Holmes, Avram J; Hong, L Elliot; Hopkins, William D; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E; Jernigan, Terry L; Jönsson, Erik G; Kahn, René S; Kennedy, Martin A; Kircher, Tilo TJ; Kochunov, Peter; Kwok, John BJ; Le Hellard, Stephanie; Loughland, Carmel M; Martin, Nicholas G; Martinot, Jean-Luc; McDonald, Colm; McMahon, Katie L; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Michie, Patricia T; Morey, Rajendra A; Mowry, Bryan; Nyberg, Lars; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Ophoff, Roel A; Pantelis, Christos; Paus, Tomas; Pausova, Zdenka; Penninx, Brenda WJH; Polderman, Tinca JC; Posthuma, Danielle; Rietschel, Marcella; Roffman, Joshua L; Rowland, Laura M; Sachdev, Perminder S; Sämann, Philipp G; Schall, Ulrich; Schumann, Gunter; Scott, Rodney J; Sim, Kang; Sisodiya, Sanjay M; Smoller, Jordan W; Sommer, Iris E; St Pourcain, Beate; Stein, Dan J; Toga, Arthur W; Trollor, Julian N; Van der Wee, Nic JA; van 't Ent, Dennis; Völzke, Henry; Walter, Henrik; Weber, Bernd; Weinberger, Daniel R; Wright, Margaret J; Zhou, Juan; Stein, Jason L; Thompson, Paul M; Medland, Sarah E; Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium (ENIGMA)—Genetics working group
    The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.