Browsing by Author "Turner, PJ"

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    Biodiversity loss from deep-sea mining
    (Nature Geoscience, 2017-07-01) Van Dover, CL; Ardron, JA; Escobar, E; Gianni, M; Gjerde, KM; Jaeckel, A; Jones, DOB; Levin, LA; Niner, HJ; Pendleton, L; Smith, CR; Thiele, T; Turner, PJ; Watling, L; Weaver, PPE
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    Corrigendum: Deep-sea mining with no net loss of biodiversity-An impossible aim [Front. Mar. Sci., 5, (2018) (53)] DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00053
    (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018-06-13) Niner, HJ; Ardron, JA; Escobar, EG; Gianni, M; Jaeckel, A; Jones, DOB; Levin, LA; Smith, CR; Thiele, T; Turner, PJ; Van Dover, CL; Watling, L; Gjerde, KM
    © 2018 Niner, Ardron, Escobar, Gianni, Jaeckel, Jones, Levin, Smith, Thiele, Turner, Van Dover, Watling and Gjerde. The terms "offset" and "reef balls" appear in the reference given in our paper, "International Marine Mitigation Bank" (IMMB, 2017), but our referencing is not precise. The following clarifications better direct readers to discussions held in relation to compensation and offsetting for deep-sea mining.
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    Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining
    (Ocean and Coastal Management, 2019-06-15) Washburn, TW; Turner, PJ; Durden, JM; Jones, DOB; Weaver, P; Van Dover, CL
    © 2019 The Authors Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining is challenging, given the data-poor state of knowledge of deep-sea ecosystem structure, process, and vulnerability. Polling and a scale-intensity-consequence approach (SICA) were used in an expert elicitation survey to rank risk sources and perceived vulnerabilities of habitats associated with seabed nodule, sulfide, and crust mineral resources. Experts identified benthic habitats associated with seabed minerals as most vulnerable to habitat removal with a high degree of certainty. Resource-associated benthic and pelagic habitats were also perceived to be at risk from plumes generated during mining activities, although there was not always consensus regarding vulnerabilities to specific risk sources from different types of plumes. Even for risk sources where habitat vulnerability measures were low, high uncertainties suggest that these risks may not yet be dismissed. Survey outcomes also underscore the need for risk assessment to progress from expert opinion with low certainty to data-rich and ecosystem-relevant scientific research assessments to yield much higher certainty. This would allow for design and deployment of effective precautionary and mitigation efforts in advance of commercial exploitation, and adaptive management strategies would allow for regulatory and guideline modifications in response to new knowledge and greater certainty.
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    Memorializing the Middle Passage on the Atlantic seabed in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
    (Marine Policy, 2020-01-01) Turner, PJ; Cannon, S; DeLand, S; Delgado, JP; Eltis, D; Halpin, PN; Kanu, MI; Sussman, CS; Varmer, O; Van Dover, CL
    © 2020 The Authors More than 12.5 million Africans were held captive on 40,000+ voyages during the transatlantic slave trade. Many did not survive the voyage and the Atlantic seabed became their final resting place. Exploration for mineral resources on the international seabed (the “Area”) in the Atlantic Basin is already underway, governed by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Member States of the ISA have a duty to protect objects of an archeological and historical nature found in the Area. Such objects may be important examples of underwater cultural heritage and can be tied to intangible cultural heritage, as evidenced through links with religion, cultural traditions, art and literature. Contemporary poetry, music, art, and literature convey the significance of the Atlantic seabed in African diasporic cultural memory, but this cultural heritage has yet to be formally recognized by the ISA. We encourage Member States of the ISA to consider ways to respect and memorialize those who lost their lives and came to rest on the seabed in advance of mineral exploitation. Increased awareness of the Middle Passage seascape may be accomplished without limiting exploitation of mineral resources. An example of how this might be achieved is to place one or more virtual ribbons on ISA maps to depict major slave-trade routes across the Atlantic and in memory of those who died during their Middle Passage.