Browsing by Author "Wheeler, Sarahn M"

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    IMPaCT: A Pilot Randomized Trial of an Intervention to Reduce Preterm Birth Among Non-Hispanic Black Patients at High Risk.
    (Health equity, 2022-01) Wheeler, Sarahn M; Massengale, Kelley EC; Fitzgerald, Thelma A; Truong, Tracy; Østbye, Truls; Corneli, Amy; Swamy, Geeta K

    Introduction

    Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality rate. Non-Hispanic black patients disproportionately experience preterm birth and nonadherence to evidence-based preventive measures. Interventions tailored to non-Hispanic black birthing individuals (NHBBIs) that address barriers to preterm birth preventions are urgently needed.

    Methods

    Together with a community-engaged multidisciplinary stakeholder group, we developed an intervention to improve adherence to preterm birth preventions among black pregnant patients with prior preterm birth. The intervention included the following: (1) preterm birth prevention education, (2) an employment navigation toolkit, and (3) encouragement text messages. We piloted the intervention by recruiting self-identified non-Hispanic black patients at or before 20 weeks of gestation with a prior preterm birth and randomizing them to the intervention or an active control. The primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Our secondary outcomes were preliminary efficacy based on birth outcomes, patient experience, and pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA). Descriptive statistics, analysis of verbatim survey responses, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Fisher's exact were used to describe and compare quantitative and qualitative data.

    Results

    We identified 53 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, 35 were reachable remotely and 30 were enrolled and randomized. More than 80% (n=26) were retained throughout the study, and 100% of participants identified at least one intervention component as helpful. In this small pilot, there were no detectable differences in adherence to preterm birth preventive recommendations. No difference in preterm births, other pregnancy, or patient experience outcomes was detected between the intervention and active control participants.

    Discussion

    The intervention is feasible and acceptable. Larger, appropriately powered studies are needed to assess whether the intervention will decrease PSA and reduce preterm birth. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04933812).
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    Maternal chronic hypertension in women veterans.
    (Health services research, 2024-04) Harding, Ceshae C; Goldstein, Karen M; Goldstein, Sarah A; Wheeler, Sarahn M; Mitchell, Nia S; Copeland, Laurel A

    Objective

    To describe the prevalence of maternal chronic hypertension (MCH), assess how frequently blood pressure is controlled before pregnancy among those with MCH, and explore management practices for antihypertensive medications (AHM) during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy periods.

    Data sources, study setting, and study design

    We conducted a descriptive observational study using data abstracted from the Veterans Health Administration (VA) inclusive of approximately 11 million Veterans utilizing the VA in fiscal years 2010-2019.

    Data collection/extraction methods

    Veterans aged 18-50 were included if they had a diagnosis of chronic hypertension before a documented pregnancy in the VA EMR. We identified chronic hypertension and pregnancy with diagnosis codes and defined uncontrolled blood pressure as ≥140/90 mm Hg on at least one measurement in the year before pregnancy. Sensitivity models were conducted for individuals with at least two blood pressure measurements in the year prior to pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression explored the association of covariates with recommended and non-recommended AHMs received 0-6 months before pregnancy and during pregnancy.

    Principal findings

    In total, 8% (3767/46,178) of Veterans with a documented pregnancy in VA data had MCH. Among 2750 with MCH meeting inclusion criteria, 60% (n = 1626) had uncontrolled blood pressure on at least one BP reading and 31% (n = 846) had uncontrolled blood pressure on at least two BP readings in the year before pregnancy. For medications, 16% (n = 437) received a non-recommended AHM during pregnancy. Chronic kidney disease (OR = 3.2; 1.6-6.4) and diabetes (OR = 2.3; 1.7-3.0) were most strongly associated with use of a non-recommended AHM during pregnancy.

    Conclusions

    Interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of MCH, improve preconception blood pressure control, and ensure optimal pharmacologic antihypertensive management among Veterans of childbearing potential.
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    Maternal Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection during Pregnancy.
    (Emerg Infect Dis, 2015-11) Wheeler, Sarahn M; Dotters-Katz, Sarah; Heine, R Phillip; Grotegut, Chad A; Swamy, Geeta K
    Given the illness and deaths caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during the first year of life, preventing infant RSV infections through maternal vaccination is intriguing. However, little is known about the extent and maternal effects of RSV infection during pregnancy. We describe 3 cases of maternal RSV infection diagnosed at a US center during winter 2014. Case-patient 1 (26 years old, week 33 of gestation) received a diagnosis of RSV infection and required mechanical ventilation. Case-patient 2 (27 years old, week 34 of gestation) received a diagnosis of infection with influenza A(H1N1) virus and RSV and required mechanical ventilation. Case-patient 3 (21 years old, week 32 of gestation) received a diagnosis of group A streptococcus pharyngitis and RSV infection and was monitored as an outpatient. Clarifying the effects of maternal RSV infection could yield valuable insights into potential maternal and fetal benefits of an effective RSV vaccination program.
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    Pregnant Women's Knowledge and Beliefs about the Safety and Outcomes of Delivery at Various Gestational Ages.
    (AJP Rep, 2018-01) Baldwin, Melody A; Swamy, Geeta K; Wheeler, Sarahn M
    Objectives  Despite the morbidity associated with late preterm and early-term births, there is limited data on pregnant women's perception of neonatal risk based on gestational age (GA). Therefore, our objective was to determine pregnant women's perception of neonatal risks at varying GAs. Method  Through an anonymous 24-question survey, pregnant women were asked to designate the GA at delivery that is desirable, safe, and defined as full term. Responses were compared based on race, history of preterm birth, and medical comorbidities. Results  Among the 233 survey respondents, the majority (62.9%) desired delivery at 36 to 39 weeks' gestation. Black women were more likely to desire delivery at 28 to 35 weeks compared with other racial/ethnic groups ( p  = 0.005). Women with a history of preterm birth or medical complications were less likely to desire delivery at 40 weeks. More than 40% of respondents thought delivery at 8 months of pregnancy was safe and 40.3% responded that 37 weeks' gestation is considered term. Conclusion  Misconceptions surrounding the definition of a term pregnancy are pervasive and vary by race, obstetric history, and medical comorbidities. Our findings highlight the need for patient education about appropriate gestational length, especially in minority and high-risk populations.