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Item Open Access The Reactivity of Doubly-Conjugated Ketones(1926) Davis, Rose MayItem Open Access Changing the delinquent attitude; a study of effective treatment in the cases of forty-four delinquent girls(1927) King, Anna ElizabethItem Open Access The life of Marquis Lafayette Wood as shown by his diary.(1930) Lawrence, Marquis WoodItem Open Access Abraham Lincoln in literature: the growth of an American legend.(1931) Basler, Roy P. (Roy Prentice), 1906-1989Item Open Access Milton and Giovanni Diodati(1932) Green, Ernest JoshuaItem Open Access James Shirley's Hide Parke(1935) Reeves, C. W.Item Open Access The formation of the Jeffersonian party in Virginia...(1937) McCarrell, David KithcartItem Open Access The Personalist Philosophies of William Stern and Philipp Kohnstamm(1940) Plantinga, Cornelius A.Item Open Access A taxonomic study of the genus Pycnanthemum(1941) Boomhour, Elizabeth Gregory, 1912-Item Open Access Occupational Change among Negroes in Durham(1942) Kiser, Vernon BenjaminItem Open Access The literary career of Thomas Nelson Page, 1884-1910(1947) Holman, Harriet R. (Harriet Rebecca), 1912-Item Open Access The isotope effect in vibrational spectra of simple polyatomic molecules(1947) Soltero, Luz EloisaItem Open Access The Doctrine of Man and Grace as Held by the Reverend John Flavel(1949-05-12) Farrell, Earl T.In this paper I propose to set forth the conception of man as held by John Flavel, the 17th century Puritan divine. The greater portion of the material presented here was taken from his, "Treatise on the Soul of Man," and his work on, "The Method of Grace." Other information was gained from a study of his complete works. The information about the life of Flavel, though inadequate in respects to dates about important events in his life, was found in the beginning of the compiled volumes used in this study, "The Whold Works of one Reverend Me. John Flavel, Late Minister at Dartmouth in Devon, In Two Volumes." The complete works was published in London, 1716.Item Open Access Pattern of negro segregation in Durham, North Carolina(1950) Wilkinson, Edith LewisItem Open Access Item Open Access Anxiety as a determinant of differential responsivity to reward and punishment(1952) Barger, Benjamin, 1920-Reward and punishment have been studied in the laboratory for their relative effects on learning processes and on perceptual processes they have been studied in the classroom for their relative effects on learning and on modification of performance of various motor and mental tasks; they have been studied in relation to intellectual, age and sex factors, and temperamental or personality factors; and they have recently been studied in a clinical setting in connection with problems of psychopathology, The studies concerned with personality variables reflect a broadening concern with personality dynamics that has accompanied the recent rapid expansion of interest in the clinical area of psychology. They strongly suggest that there are differences related to personality factors in the effects and perhaps the effectiveness of rewarding and punishing incentive conditions. It was to explore some of the implications of these studies and to extend the empirical data in this area that the present research was designed. It was to explore some of the implications of these studies and to extend the empirical data in this area that the present research was designed. To provide a framework for the discussion which follows the major aspects of two studies will be outlined.Item Open Access The relationship between flilcker fusion measurements and anxiety level(1953) Goldstone, Sanford, 1926-INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The need for reliable, quantitative and sensitive measures of personality variables and the promise of sensory threshold determinations for such use prompted, the present investigation. One particular need is for measures which are sensitive in time to changes in the level of the variables being considered. The personality variable to be considered in this paper is anxiety and the sensory discrimination procedure is that which provides flicker fusion measurements. In order to study the relationship between anxiety level and flicker fusion measurements, it is essential to specify a measurable meaning for the term anxiety and utilize criteria which are sufficiently sensitive to provide an ordering within the population being examined. The population relevant to this investigation involved one group of subjects who manifested complaints associated with the psychiatric syndrome, anxiety reaction described in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical’ " Manual: Mental Disorders* (1952, p. 32) as follows: “In this kind of reaction the anxiety is diffuse and not restricted to definite situations or objects, as In the case of phobic reactions. It is not controlled by any specific psychological defense mechanism as in other psychoneurotic re- actions. This reaction is characterized by anxious expectation and frequently associated with somatic symptomatology. The condition is to be differentiated from normal apprehensive ness or fear.” The term is synonymous with the former term anxiety state. With regard to this clinical use of the term anxiety, Henderson and Gillespie 1947, p. 107) state: Anxiety as a technical term is a fear of danger usually from within. It may occur either as a continuing state of fear, or more commonly as episodic attacks. The episodes have the well-marked physical manifestations usually associated with fear. It is said that & typical anxiety attack has nothing but somatic symptoms; there Is usually, however, a conscious fear, generally of illness but usually undefined. In limiting the concept anxiety to the above mentioned symptomatic-clinical definition, one must acknowledge other views regarding anxiety. While the anxiety studied, in this paper represents overt psychological and physiological signs of discomfort and uneasiness, the concept of anxiety has received increasing attention from students of philosophy, anthropology, psychology, psychoanalysis and neurology in their attempts to deal with personality, learning and cultural phenomena.Item Open Access Determination of relationships between distributions of stimuli and distributions of judgments under instructions of differing specificity(1954) Bleke, Priscilla Dattman, 1927-INTRODUCTION: Basic to the judging process is the relating of a given item to a group of items* The simpler case of judging is one in which an item is compared with another which is simultaneously present while the more complex case consists in comparing an item with previously experienced items* Analysis of the latter process was given impetus by Wever and Zener (8) who introduced a method of investigation applicable to this problem of judgment in time* Positing that even simple comparisons draw heavily upon an extended context of experiences, these investigators demonstrated that their method of presenting for judgment single members of a stimulus series gives data comparable to that obtained with the traditional method of constant stimuli. Wever and Zener and investigators who subsequently utilized the method of single stimuli have demonstrated that subjects are able to make consistent judgments which are sensitive to small increments of change in the stimulus series* Additional studies have investigated some of the influences that modify judgments such as changes in end stimuli or stimulus density, and aspects of the stimulus distribution to which judgments are anchored. Several reviews of the research in this area are available (5,6,7). In addition to laboratory findings everyday life offers many examples of the utilization of judgments which reflect previous experiences with the stimulus dimension involved. The basis for such characterizations as “a tall man”, “a fascinating lecture”, “ a good meal” is admittedly more involved than the basis for usual laboratory judgments but the same general principles may be assumed to underlie both. In both the laboratory and the social situation the process of relating one item to a non-present set of items is dependent upon a temporal integration of the effects of previous contacts with items of that set. It is meaningful, therefore, to examine the functional dependence of distributions of judgments upon previous experience with items of the same set as the ones being judged. This problem is implicit in several different lines of research such as investigations of shifts in judgments, where the underlying assumption is that changes in judgment reflect changes in the fundamental character of the stimulus distributions, and empirical studies of anchoring, which in general follow the pattern of modifying essentially rectangular stimulus distributions. Both types of investigation represent efforts to discover the aspects of a stimulus distribution to which judgments are related. The present study is composed of several experiments which 4 were designed to investigate systematically general relationships obtaining between different distributions of stimulus items and distributions of judgments elicited by these items with attention to such factors as differences in the instructions, the number of judgment categories and the step-interval between items. In all experiments the subjects were required to judge the length of singly presented horizontal lines. The first group of four experiments represents an effort to discover the form of the basic functional relationship in relatively unstructured situations which are representative of most judging tasks. The initial experiment consisted of separate groups of subjects judging one of five different distributions of stimulus items. All the distributions (rectangular, symmetrical unimodal, bimodal, positively skewed, negatively skewed) had the same range and density of items and two categories of judgment (longer or shorter) were available to the subjects. The second experiment was designed to investigate the influence of the factor of stimulus distribution on judgments rendered by subjects who experience successively more than a single stimulus distribution, since in life situations individuals do not typically experience one clearly defined distribution of similar stimulus items. Rather they have a variety of contacts with items whose distribution may vary over a period of time. The aspect of the judging situation which was altered in the third experiment was the number of judgment categories. In order to determine the effect of the distributional properties of the stimulus items on judgments in multiple category situations the number of categories available to the subjects was increased from two to three (longer, medium, shorter). In the fourth experiment the step interval between stimulus Items was increased from a barely supraliminal to a clearly discriminable one. This was done in order not to restrict the findings of the study to situations such as those of the traditional psychophysical experiments where the step-interval is in the region of the Ilmen. In the first four experiments the instructions to the subjects were very general, and thus the question is raised whether the relationships obtained under these conditions depend upon varying individual interpretations of the task. The last two experiments in this study were designed to investigate the effect of more explicit instructions with the aim of obtaining results which could be compared with the relationships found between distributions of stimuli and distributions of judgments in the more representative unstructured situations.Item Open Access Through Foreign Eyes: The American Civil War in European Military Thought(1956) Luvaas, Morten Jay