Browsing by Subject "Animal model"

In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, infarct volume is highly variable and strain dependent, but the natural genetic determinants responsible for this difference remain unknown. To identify genetic determinants regulating ischemic neuronal damage and to dissect apart the role of individual genes and physiological mechanisms in infarction in mice, we performed forward genetic mapping analyses of surgically induced cerebral infarct volume. We have identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that modulate infarct volume, with a major locus (Civq1 ) on chromosome 7 accounting for over 50% of the variation, with a combined LOD score of 21.7. Measurement of infarct volume in chromosome substitution strains (CSS) and two additional intercrosses validate that Civq1 on chromosome 7 is present in multiple inbred strains. Interval-specific ancestral SNP haplotype analysis for Civq1 results in 5 candidate genes. A causative gene underlying Civq1 may regulate collateral artery formation and genetic variations in the gene may result in the differential outcome of cerebral infarction. Additionally, we have identified a locus of large effect, Civq4, modulating infarct volume through a mechanism different from collateral circulation. In conclusion, the extent of ischemic tissue damage after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in inbred strains of mice is regulated by genetic variation mapping to at least 4 different loci. A single locus on chromosome 7 determines the majority of the observed variation in the trait in multiple mouse strains. Civq1 appears to be identical to Lsq1, a locus conferring limb salvage and reperfusion in hindlimb ischemia. The identification of the genes underlying these loci may uncover novel genetic and physiological pathways that modulate cerebral infarction and provide new targets for therapeutic intervention in ischemic stroke, and possibly other human vascular occlusive diseases.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), also known as cavernous angiomas, are clusters of sinusoidal capillary-venous vessels that develop in the approximately 1 in 200 individuals. With a gross appearance likened to a mulberry, CCMs have a disrupted endothelial barrier that can lead to patients presenting with focal neurologic deficits, seizures, headaches, and recurrent hemorrhages. Current therapy for CCMs consists of surgical removal in select cases and symptom management. There is no medical therapy to treat the underlying pathology in this disease. CCMs develop following biallelic loss-of-function mutations in CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3. These malformations develop sporadically, often presenting as a solitary lesion, or in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in which individuals develop 10 to 100s of CCMs. How a single mutant endothelial cell leads to the formation of large, multicellular malformation is not known. My doctoral work utilized transgenic murine models of CCM to investigate 1) the early events of CCM formation and 2) the ability of proposed drugs to treat CCMs. We discovered that mutant endothelial cells undergo clonal expansion and incorporate wild-type endothelial cells as the malformation grows. We also developed novel murine models that recapitulate the chronic and acute CCM hemorrhage seen in patients. These new insights and transgenic tools further our understanding of this disease and advance the research community’s efforts to identify a medical treatment for CCMs.