Browsing by Subject "Antisocial Personality Disorder"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Can Genetics Predict Response to Complex Behavioral Interventions? Evidence from a Genetic Analysis of the Fast Track Randomized Control Trial.
    (J Policy Anal Manage, 2015) Albert, Dustin; Belsky, Daniel W; Crowley, D Max; Latendresse, Shawn J; Aliev, Fazil; Riley, Brien; Group, Conduct Problems Prevention Research; Dick, Danielle M; Dodge, Kenneth A
    Early interventions are a preferred method for addressing behavioral problems in high-risk children, but often have only modest effects. Identifying sources of variation in intervention effects can suggest means to improve efficiency. One potential source of such variation is the genome. We conducted a genetic analysis of the Fast Track randomized control trial, a 10-year-long intervention to prevent high-risk kindergarteners from developing adult externalizing problems including substance abuse and antisocial behavior. We tested whether variants of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 were associated with differences in response to the Fast Track intervention. We found that in European-American children, a variant of NR3C1 identified by the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10482672 was associated with increased risk for externalizing psychopathology in control group children and decreased risk for externalizing psychopathology in intervention group children. Variation in NR3C1 measured in this study was not associated with differential intervention response in African-American children. We discuss implications for efforts to prevent externalizing problems in high-risk children and for public policy in the genomic era.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Inhalant use among incarcerated adolescents in the United States: prevalence, characteristics, and correlates of use.
    (Drug and alcohol dependence, 2008-03) Howard, Matthew O; Balster, Robert L; Cottler, Linda B; Wu, Li-Tzy; Vaughn, Michael G
    OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns and correlates of inhalant use among incarcerated youth. METHOD: Residents (N=723) of 27 Missouri Division of Youth Services facilities completed interviews assessing substance use, psychiatric symptoms, antisocial traits, trauma, suicidality, and criminality. RESULTS: Participants averaged 15.5 (S.D.=1.2) years of age, were ethnically diverse, and predominantly male. More than one-third (36.9%) reported lifetime inhalant use; 47.9% of users had tried four or more inhalant products. Comparatively high rates of use were observed for Hispanic and small town/rural youth. Commonly abused agents included gasoline (22%), permanent markers (15%), computer "air duster," (15%) and spray paint (12%). Inhalant users evidenced significantly higher levels of criminal behavior, antisocial attitudes, current psychiatric symptoms, earlier onset of offending and substance use, and more extensive histories of head injury, kidney disease, hormonal problems, mental illness, suicidality, trauma, and substance-related problems than nonusers. In multiple logistic regression models, race/ethnicity, geographic area of residence, fearlessness, suicidality, and polydrug use distinguished inhalant users and nonusers. Measures of cognitive impairment, impulsivity, fearlessness, blame externalization, polydrug use, and substance-related problems were positively associated with lifetime frequency of inhalant use. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalant use was widespread in this sample and associated with serious physical and mental health impairments.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The relationship of mental and behavioral disorders to all-cause mortality in a 27-year follow-up of 4 epidemiologic catchment area samples.
    (American journal of epidemiology, 2013-11) Eaton, William W; Roth, Kimberly B; Bruce, Martha; Cottler, Linda; Wu, Litzy; Nestadt, Gerald; Ford, Dan; Bienvenu, O Joseph; Crum, Rosa M; Rebok, George; Anthony, James C; Muñoz, Alvaro
    Subjects from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, interviewed during 1979-1983, were linked to data in the National Death Index through 2007 to estimate the association of mental and behavioral disorders with death. There were more than 25 years of follow-up for 15,440 individuals, with 6,924 deaths amounting to 307,881 person-years of observation. Data were analyzed by using age as the time scale and parametric approaches to quantify the years of life lost due to disorders. Alcohol, drug use, and antisocial personality disorders were associated with increased risk of death, but there was no strong association with mood and anxiety disorders. Results of high- and low-quality matches with the National Death Index were similar. The 3 behavioral disorders were associated with 5-15 years of life lost, estimated along the life course via the generalized gamma model. Regression tree analyses showed that risk of death was associated with alcohol use disorders in nonblacks and with drug disorders in blacks. Phobia interacted with alcohol use disorders in nonblack women, and obsessive-compulsive disorder interacted with drug use disorders in black men. Both of these anxiety disorders were associated with lower risk of death early in life and higher risk of death later in life.