Browsing by Subject "Hypothermia, Induced"
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Item Open Access Feasibility of autologous cord blood cells for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.(The Journal of pediatrics, 2014-05) Cotten, C Michael; Murtha, Amy P; Goldberg, Ronald N; Grotegut, Chad A; Smith, P Brian; Goldstein, Ricki F; Fisher, Kimberley A; Gustafson, Kathryn E; Waters-Pick, Barbara; Swamy, Geeta K; Rattray, Benjamin; Tan, Siddhartha; Kurtzberg, JoanneObjective
To assess feasibility and safety of providing autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells to neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Study design
We enrolled infants in the intensive care nursery who were cooled for HIE and had available UCB in an open-label study of non-cyropreserved autologous volume- and red blood cell-reduced UCB cells (up to 4 doses adjusted for volume and red blood cell content, 1-5 × 10(7) cells/dose). We recorded UCB collection and cell infusion characteristics, and pre- and post-infusion vital signs. As exploratory analyses, we compared cell recipients' hospital outcomes (mortality, oral feeds at discharge) and 1-year survival with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition scores ≥85 in 3 domains (cognitive, language, and motor development) with cooled infants who did not have available cells.Results
Twenty-three infants were cooled and received cells. Median collection and infusion volumes were 36 and 4.3 mL. Vital signs including oxygen saturation were similar before and after infusions in the first 48 postnatal hours. Cell recipients and concurrent cooled infants had similar hospital outcomes. Thirteen of 18 (74%) cell recipients and 19 of 46 (41%) concurrent cooled infants with known 1-year outcomes survived with scores >85.Conclusions
Collection, preparation, and infusion of fresh autologous UCB cells for use in infants with HIE is feasible. A randomized double-blind study is needed.Item Open Access The incidence of unacceptable movement with motor evoked potentials during craniotomy for aneurysm clipping.(World Neurosurg, 2014-01) Hemmer, Laura B; Zeeni, Carine; Bebawy, John F; Bendok, Bernard R; Cotton, Mathew A; Shah, Neil B; Gupta, Dhanesh K; Koht, AntounOBJECTIVE: To review the experience at a single institution with motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring during intracranial aneurysm surgery to determine the incidence of unacceptable movement. METHODS: Neurophysiology event logs and anesthetic records from 220 craniotomies for aneurysm clipping were reviewed for unacceptable patient movement or reason for cessation of MEPs. Muscle relaxants were not given after intubation. Transcranial MEPs were recorded from bilateral abductor hallucis and abductor pollicis muscles. MEP stimulus intensity was increased up to 500 V until evoked potential responses were detectable. RESULTS: Out of 220 patients, 7 (3.2%) exhibited unacceptable movement with MEP stimulation-2 had nociception-induced movement and 5 had excessive field movement. In all but one case, MEP monitoring could be resumed, yielding a 99.5% monitoring rate. CONCLUSIONS: With the anesthetic and monitoring regimen, the authors were able to record MEPs of the upper and lower extremities in all patients and found only 3.2% demonstrated unacceptable movement. With a suitable anesthetic technique, MEP monitoring in the upper and lower extremities appears to be feasible in most patients and should not be withheld because of concern for movement during neurovascular surgery.Item Open Access Xenon neuroprotection in experimental stroke: interactions with hypothermia and intracerebral hemorrhage.(Anesthesiology, 2012-12) Sheng, Siyuan P; Lei, Beilei; James, Michael L; Lascola, Christopher D; Venkatraman, Talaignair N; Jung, Jin Yong; Maze, Mervyn; Franks, Nicholas P; Pearlstein, Robert D; Sheng, Huaxin; Warner, David SBackground
Xenon has been proven to be neuroprotective in experimental brain injury. The authors hypothesized that xenon would improve outcome from focal cerebral ischemia with a delayed treatment onset and prolonged recovery interval.Methods
Rats were subjected to 70 min temporary focal ischemia. Ninety minutes later, rats were treated with 0, 15, 30, or 45% Xe for 20 h or 0 or 30% Xe for 8, 20, or 44 h. Outcome was measured after 7 days. In another experiment, after ischemia, rats were maintained at 37.5° or 36.0°C for 20 h with or without 30% Xe. Outcome was assessed 28 days later. Finally, mice were subjected to intracerebral hemorrhage with or without 30% Xe for 20 h. Brain water content, hematoma volume, rotarod function, and microglial activation were measured.Results
Cerebral infarct sizes (mean±SD) for 0, 15, 30, and 45% Xe were 212±27, 176±55, 160±32, and 198±54 mm, respectively (P=0.023). Neurologic scores (median±interquartile range) followed a similar pattern (P=0.002). Infarct size did not vary with treatment duration, but neurologic score improved (P=0.002) at all xenon exposure durations (8, 20, and 44 h). Postischemic treatment with either 30% Xe or subtherapeutic hypothermia (36°C) had no effect on 28-day outcome. Combination of these interventions provided long-term benefit. Xenon improved intracerebral hemorrhage outcome measures.Conclusion
Xenon improved focal ischemic outcome at 7, but not 28 days postischemia. Xenon combined with subtherapeutic hypothermia produced sustained recovery benefit. Xenon improved intracerebral hemorrhage outcome. Xenon may have potential for clinical stroke therapy under carefully defined conditions.