Browsing by Subject "Intimate partner violence"
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Item Open Access Collectives Against Conflict: Evaluating School-Based Interventions Against Intimate Partner Violence in Durham, Wake and Orange Counties(2019-05) Pate, SabriyyaThis thesis investigates the current status, challenges, and opportunities of school-based intimate partner violence primary interventions in Durham, Wake, and Orange counties. Particular attention is paid to program efficacy and how it is measured. The qualitative research defines the current status, challenges, and opportunities of prevention efforts in the three counties. Thereby, a mixed methods approach employing twelve expert interviews was used for this study. The participant population included experts with nation-wide experiences teaching, facilitating, litigating, and directing intimate partner violence prevention. Findings from a comprehensive literature review were integrated with the findings of the expert interviews. Interviews revealed the significance of community-oriented, well-funded approaches to locale-specific curricula in county schools. The interviews also revealed a discrepancy between the prevention efforts in Durham, as opposed to those Wake and Orange counties as a result of significant resourcing constraints in Durham.Item Open Access Epidemiologic Profile and Underreporting Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence in Maringá, Brazil(2015) Kwaramba, TendaiBackground: Intimate partner violence is a global burden that disproportionately affects women and has more severe outcomes in women as well. Our objective was to explore the epidemiologic profile for intimate partner violence and preliminary patterns in the underreporting of this burden in Maringá, Brazil. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Maringá. A convenience sampling method was utilized to recruit participants. 435 women at least 18 years of age who either currently had or had previously had an intimate partner were interviewed about their experiences with IPV. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected at the time of the interview to estimate associations with IPV using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Positive IPV cases identified from the community survey were compared with positive IPV cases identified from the Maringá city violence registry using sociodemographic variables and location variables in both datasets to explore patterns of underreporting. Results: Lifetime prevalence of IPV was 53.79%. Significant bivariate associations found between the SES indicator occupation and psychological violence (X2 = 8.688, p < 0.05) and overall IPV (X2 =12.441, p < 0.01) showed differences in distribution of IPV among the different levels of occupation. Significant bivariate associations found between the SES indicator number of children and physical violence (X2 = 6.963, p < 0.05) and sexual violence (X2 = 8.969, p < 0.05) also showed differences in distribution of IPV among the different levels of number of children. Women who had no paid work outside the home seemed to experience all 3 types of violence as well as overall IPV significantly less than women who had paid work outside the home (p < 0.05). Having 4 or more children was noted to significantly increase women's experience with physical and sexual violence (p< 0.01). Patterns of underreporting noted were associated with older age, women racially self-identifying as brown, and women being either illiterate, or completing higher education. Geospatially, IPV cases found through the community survey were ill-represented in the violence registry. Conclusion: IPV is a significant burden in Maringá and some underreporting patterns were noted through this study. These findings highlight the need for further research into conditional and precipitation risk factors of IPV and further exploring the burden and reasons for underreporting of IPV. Care settings can be potential sites for screening communities for IPV and exploring patterns in reporting of IPV.
Item Open Access Prevalence and associated outcomes of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among women with HIV in Rwanda(2023) Hatoum, SandyBackground: Intimate partner violence is a preventable public health problem that disproportionality impacts women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Women with HIV have a higher burden due to HIV related stigma they may face. In Rwanda, women have higher incidences of HIV and intimate partner violence. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IPV among women living with HIV in Rwanda as well as measure the difference in psychological outcomes, demographic data, and HIV related outcomes. Methods: This study conducts a secondary data analysis of a Cross-sectional, descriptive observational study. 162 Rwandan women living with HIV were purposefully recruited to participate in the survey. The instrument measured demographic data, Intimate partner violence, depression, HIV related stigma, coping, self-esteem, and hope. Results: The prevalence of IPV in the sample was 26.61% with psychological being the most prevalent followed by physical then sexual. Demographic data had no statistical significance with the prevalence of IPV. Women with HIV who experienced IPV had higher HIV stigma, lower coping self-efficacy, lower self-esteem, and less hope levels. Conclusions: Women who experience IPV have worse HIV psychological outcomes which could lead to decreased overall health outcomes. Further studies are needed to look into the correlation between the two as well as interventions addressing IPV prevention and awareness.