Browsing by Subject "Mathematics, Applied"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    A classical proof that the algebraic homotopy class of a rational function is the residue pairing
    (Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 2020-06-15) Kass, JL; Wickelgren, K
    © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Cazanave has identified the algebraic homotopy class of a rational function of 1 variable with an explicit nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. Here we show that Hurwitz's proof of a classical result about real rational functions essentially gives an alternative proof of the stable part of Cazanave's result. We also explain how this result can be interpreted in terms of the residue pairing and that this interpretation relates the result to the signature theorem of Eisenbud, Khimshiashvili, and Levine, showing that Cazanave's result answers a question posed by Eisenbud for polynomial functions in 1 variable. Finally, we announce results answering this question for functions in an arbitrary number of variables.
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    A slicing obstruction from the $\frac {10}{8}$ theorem
    (Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 2016-08-29) Donald, A; Vafaee, F
    © 2016 American Mathematical Society. From Furuta’s 10/8 theorem, we derive a smooth slicing obstruction for knots in S3 using a spin 4-manifold whose boundary is 0-surgery on a knot. We show that this obstruction is able to detect torsion elements in the smooth concordance group and find topologically slice knots which are not smoothly slice.
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    A stochastic-Lagrangian particle system for the Navier-Stokes equations
    (Nonlinearity, 2008-11-01) Iyer, Gautam; Mattingly, Jonathan
    This paper is based on a formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations developed by Constantin and the first author (Commun. Pure Appl. Math. at press, arXiv:math.PR/0511067), where the velocity field of a viscous incompressible fluid is written as the expected value of a stochastic process. In this paper, we take N copies of the above process (each based on independent Wiener processes), and replace the expected value with 1/N times the sum over these N copies. (We note that our formulation requires one to keep track of N stochastic flows of diffeomorphisms, and not just the motion of N particles.) We prove that in two dimensions, this system of interacting diffeomorphisms has (time) global solutions with initial data in the space C1,α which consists of differentiable functions whose first derivative is α Hölder continuous (see section 3 for the precise definition). Further, we show that as N → ∞ the system converges to the solution of Navier-Stokes equations on any finite interval [0, T]. However for fixed N, we prove that this system retains roughly O(1/N) times its original energy as t → ∞. Hence the limit N → ∞ and T → ∞ do not commute. For general flows, we only provide a lower bound to this effect. In the special case of shear flows, we compute the behaviour as t → ∞ explicitly. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and London Mathematical Society.
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    An adaptive Euler-Maruyama scheme for SDEs: Convergence and stability
    (IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 2007-01-01) Lamba, H; Mattingly, JC; Stuart, AM
    The understanding of adaptive algorithms for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) is an open area, where many issues related to both convergence and stability (long-time behaviour) of algorithms are unresolved. This paper considers a very simple adaptive algorithm, based on controlling only the drift component of a time step. Both convergence and stability are studied. The primary issue in the convergence analysis is that the adaptive method does not necessarily drive the time steps to zero with the user-input tolerance. This possibility must be quantified and shown to have low probability. The primary issue in the stability analysis is ergodicity. It is assumed that the noise is nondegenerate, so that the diffusion process is elliptic, and the drift is assumed to satisfy a coercivity condition. The SDE is then geometrically ergodic (averages converge to statistical equilibrium exponentially quickly). If the drift is not linearly bounded, then explicit fixed time step approximations, such as the Euler-Maruyama scheme, may fail to be ergodic. In this work, it is shown that the simple adaptive time-stepping strategy cures this problem. In addition to proving ergodicity, an exponential moment bound is also proved, generalizing a result known to hold for the SDE itself. © The author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. All rights reserved.
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    An energetic variational approach for ION transport
    (Communications in Mathematical Sciences, 2014-03-06) Xu, S; Sheng, P; Liu, C
    The transport and distribution of charged particles are crucial in the study of many physical and biological problems. In this paper, we employ an Energy Variational Approach to derive the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes system. All of the physics is included in the choices of corresponding energy law and kinematic transport of particles. The variational derivations give the coupled force balance equations in a unique and deterministic fashion. We also discuss the situations with different types of boundary conditions. Finally, we show that the Onsager's relation holds for the electrokinetics, near the initial time of a step function applied field. © 2014 International Press.
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    Behavior of different numerical schemes for random genetic drift
    (BIT Numerical Mathematics, 2019-09-01) Xu, S; Chen, M; Liu, C; Zhang, R; Yue, X
    In the problem of random genetic drift, the probability density of one gene is governed by a degenerated convection-dominated diffusion equation. Dirac singularities will always be developed at boundary points as time evolves, which is known as the fixation phenomenon in genetic evolution. Three finite volume methods: FVM1-3, one central difference method: FDM1 and three finite element methods: FEM1-3 are considered. These methods lead to different equilibrium states after a long time. It is shown that only schemes FVM3 and FEM3, which are the same, preserve probability, expectation and positiveness and predict the correct probability of fixation. FVM1-2 wrongly predict the probability of fixation due to their intrinsic viscosity, even though they are unconditionally stable. Contrarily, FDM1 and FEM1-2 introduce different anti-diffusion terms, which make them unstable and fail to preserve positiveness.
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    Data clustering based on Langevin annealing with a self-consistent potential
    (Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 2018-10-11) Lafata, K; Zhou, Z; Liu, JG; Yin, FF
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    From Partition Identities to a Combinatorial Approach to Explicit Satake Inversion
    (Annals of Combinatorics, 2018-09-01) Hahn, H; Huh, J; Lim, E; Sohn, J
    © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. In this paper, we provide combinatorial proofs for certain partition identities which arise naturally in the context of Langlands’ beyond endoscopy proposal. These partition identities motivate an explicit plethysm expansion of Sym jSym kV for GL 2 in the case k = 3. We compute the plethysm explicitly for the cases k = 3, 4. Moreover, we use these expansions to explicitly compute the basic function attached to the symmetric power L-function of GL 2 for these two cases.
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    Homogenization for chemical vapor infiltration process
    (Communications in Mathematical Sciences, 2017-01-01) Zhang, C; Bai, Y; Xu, S; Yue, X
    Multi-scale modeling and numerical simulations of the isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process for the fabrication of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites were presented in [Bai, Yue and Zeng, Commun. Comput. Phys., 7(3):597-612, 2010]. The homogenization theory, which played a fundamental role in the multi-scale algorithm, will be rigorously established in this paper. The governing system, which is a multi-scale reaction-diffusion equation, is different in the two stages of CVI process, so we will consider the homogenization for the two stages respectively. One of the main features is that the reaction only occurs on the surface of fiber, so it behaves as a singular surface source. The other feature is that in the second stage of the process when the micro pores inside the fiber bundles are all closed, the diffusion only occurs in the macro pores between fiber bundles and we face up with a problem in a locally periodic perforated domain.
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    Homogenization of thermal-hydro-mass transfer processes
    (Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series S, 2015-02-01) Xu, S; Yue, X
    In the repository, multi-physics processes are induced due to the long-time heat-emitting from the nuclear waste, which is modeled as a nonlinear system with oscillating coefficients. In this paper we first derive the homogenized system for the thermal-hydro-mass transfer processes by the technique of two-scale convergence, then present some error estimates for the first order expansions.
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    Homogenization: In mathematics or physics?
    (Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series S, 2016-10-01) Xu, S; Yue, X; Zhang, C
    In mathematics, homogenization theory considers the limitations of the sequences of the problems and their solutions when a parameter tends to zero. This parameter is regarded as the ratio of the characteristic size between the micro scale and macro scale. So what is considered is a sequence of problems in axed domain while the characteristic size in micro scale tends to zero. But in the real physics or engineering situations, the micro scale of a medium isxed and can not be changed. In the process of homogenization, it is the size in macro scale which becomes larger and larger and tends to innity. We observe that the homogenization in physics is not equivalent to the homogenization in mathematics up to some simple rescaling. With some direct error estimates, we explain in what sense we can accept the homogenized problem as the limitation of the original real physical problems. As a byproduct, we present some results on the mathematical homogenization of some problems with source term being only weakly compacted in H1, while in standard homogenization theory, the source term is assumed to be at least compacted in H1. A real example is also given to show the validation of our observation and results.
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    Numerical method for multi-alleles genetic drift problem
    (SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 2019-01-01) Xu, S; Chen, X; Liu, C; Yue, X
    Genetic drift describes random fluctuations in the number of genes variants in a population. One of the most popular models is the Wright-Fisher model. The diffusion limit of this model is a degenerate diffusion-convection equation. Due to the degeneration and convection, Dirac singularities will always develop at the boundaries as time evolves, i.e., the fixation phenomenon occurs. Theoretical analysis has proven that the weak solution of this equation, regarded as measure, conserves total probability and expectations. In the current work, we propose a scheme for 3-alleles model with absolute stability and generalize it to N-alleles case (N > 3). Our method can conserve not only total probability and expectations, but also positivity. We also prove that the discrete solution converges to a measure as the mesh size tends to zero, which is the exact measure solution of the original problem. The simulations illustrate that the probability density decays to zero first on the inner nodes, then also on the edge nodes except at the three vertex nodes, on which the density finally concentrates. The results correctly predict the fixation probability and are consistent with theoretical ones and with direct Monte Carlo simulations.
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    Seifert surfaces distinguished by sutured Floer homology but not its Euler characteristic
    (Topology and its Applications, 2015-04) Vafaee, F
    © 2015 Elsevier B.V. In this paper we find a family of knots with trivial Alexander polynomial, and construct two non-isotopic Seifert surfaces for each member in our family. In order to distinguish the surfaces we study the sutured Floer homology invariants of the sutured manifolds obtained by cutting the knot complements along the Seifert surfaces. Our examples provide the first use of sutured Floer homology, and not merely its Euler characteristic (a classical torsion), to distinguish Seifert surfaces. Our technique uses a version of Floer homology, called ". longitude Floer homology" in a way that enables us to bypass the computations related to the SFH of the complement of a Seifert surface.
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    Stationary solutions of stochastic differential equations with memory and stochastic partial differential equations
    (Communications in Contemporary Mathematics, 2005-10-01) Bakhtin, Y; Mattingly, JC
    We explore Itô stochastic differential equations where the drift term possibly depends on the infinite past. Assuming the existence of a Lyapunov function, we prove the existence of a stationary solution assuming only minimal continuity of the coefficients. Uniqueness of the stationary solution is proven if the dependence on the past decays sufficiently fast. The results of this paper are then applied to stochastically forced dissipative partial differential equations such as the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation and stochastic Ginsburg-Landau equation. © World Scientific Publishing Company.