Browsing by Subject "Multiple sclerosis"

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    Are Periventricular Lesions Specific for Multiple Sclerosis?
    (J Neurol Neurophysiol, 2013-05-03) Casini, Gianna; Yurashevich, Mary; Vanga, Rohini; Dash, Subasini; Dhib-Jalbut, Suhayl; Gerhardstein, Brian; Inglese, Matilde; Toe, Win; Balashov, Konstantin E
    BACKGROUND: The presence of periventricular lesions (PVL) on MRI scans is part of the revised McDonald multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria. However, PVL can be found in other neurological diseases including stroke and migraine. Migraine is highly prevalent in patients with MS. OBJECTIVE: To determine if PVL are specific for patients with MS compared to stroke and migraine. METHODS: We studied patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), migraine, and ischemic stroke. The number, location and the volume of PVL were identified on brain MRI scans and analyzed. RESULTS: The number and volume of PVL adjacent to the body and the posterior horn of the lateral ventricles were significantly increased on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI in RRMS compared to migraine. There were no significant differences in the total number and volume of PVL in ischemic stroke patients compared to the age-matched RRMS patients nor in the number and volume of PVL adjacent to the anterior and temporal horns of the lateral ventricles on FLAIR images in migraine compared to CIS or RRMS. CONCLUSION: In contrast to PVL adjacent to the body and the posterior horn of the lateral ventricles, PVL adjacent to the anterior and temporal horns of the lateral ventricles may not be specific for CIS/RRMS when compared to migraine, the disease highly prevalent among patients with MS. PVL are not specific for MS when compared to ischemic stroke.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Quantitative cone contrast threshold testing in patients with differing pathophysiological mechanisms causing retinal diseases.
    (International journal of retina and vitreous, 2023-02) White, Kayla M; Livnat, Itamar; Frambach, Caroline R; Doan, John; Mehta, Urmi V; Yuh, Clara; Palma, Anton M; Jameson, Kimberly A; Kenney, M Cristina; Mehta, Mitul C; Boisvert, Chantal J; Crow, Wade R; Browne, Andrew W

    Background

    Cone contrast threshold testing (CCT) provides quantitative measurements of color and contrast function to reveal changes in vision quality that are not standard endpoints in clinical trials. We utilize CCT to measure visual function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

    Methods

    Retrospective data was gathered from 237 patients of the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute. Subjects included 17 patients with MS, 45 patients with AMD, 41 patients with ERM, 11 patients with RVO, and 123 healthy controls. Patients underwent the primary measurement outcome, CCT testing, as well as Sloan visual acuity test and spectral domain optical coherence tomography during normal care.

    Results

    Color and contrast deficits were present in MS patients regardless of history of optic neuritis. AMD with intermediate or worse disease demonstrated reduced CCT scores. All 3 stages of ERM demonstrated cone contrast deficits. Despite restoration of visual acuity, RVO-affected eyes demonstrated poorer CCT performance than unaffected fellow eyes.

    Conclusions

    CCT demonstrates color and contrast deficits for multiple retinal diseases with differing pathophysiology. Further prospective studies of CCT in other disease states and with larger samples sizes is warranted.
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    Recurrent disseminated encephalomyelitis: A case report and literature review.
    (Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2018-09-11) Shah, S; Shah, Deepal; Skeen, Mark
    Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis has been understood as a monophasic, often post-infectious illness that predominantly affects the pediatric population. Though that describes the majority of cases, exceptions do exist. In this case report, we present an adult case of recurrent disseminated encephalomyelitis (DEM) and review the available literature on this clinical entity.PubMed search performed using the terms "MDEM" and "Recurrent ADEM" in April 2018. A total of 23 items resulted for the first search and another 142 for the second. We selected articles that described cases of recurrent ADEM with a preference for those publications describing adult cases and those written in English language.Recurrent disseminated encephalomyelitis is a distinct clinical entity that has features which overlap with multiple sclerosis, making it imperative to distinguish the two. Our case presentation and accompanying literature review highlights the limited scope of data available on recurrent DEM and the need for further study.