Browsing by Subject "NETWORKS"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    A Structural Event Approach to the Analysis of Group Composition
    (Social Networks, 2002) Ruef, M
    Since Simmel's early work on forms of association, the processes guiding group composition have commanded considerable attention in structural sociology, but have not led to a general methodology for examining compositional properties. By introducing a structural event approach, this study offers a new technique that is not restricted to analysis of dyads or triads nor post hoc analysis of those structural arrangements that are observed in a given sample. The approach is illustrated using data on 745 organizational founding teams. Structural event analysis separates choice behavior guiding team composition (with respect to ascribed and achieved characteristics of members) from structurally-induced behavior based on contact opportunities. Results suggest that the strong impact of ascriptive homophily may be tempered when functional considerations of group composition are addressed. However, many of the other arrangements that ostensibly pass as 'functional' are in fact induced by opportunity structures. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Reduced-order deep learning for flow dynamics. The interplay between deep learning and model reduction
    (Journal of Computational Physics, 2020-01) Wang, Min; Cheung, Siu Wun; Leung, Wing Tat; Chung, Eric T; Efendiev, Yalchin; Wheeler, Mary
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    Social Ontology and the Dynamics of Organizational Forms: Creating Market Actors in the Healthcare Field, 1966-1994
    (Social Forces, 1999) Ruef, M
    Social scientists have evidenced a long-standing interest in the cultural construction of ontologies - symbolic systems of categorization and meaning - but have yet to develop a widely recognized method for the empirical analysis of this process. Analyzing textual data from the area of health services research, this article illustrates a general framework that can be employed to isolate the tacit rules used to structure an ontology and identify changes in those rules over time. Focusing on the process of market reform in U.S. healthcare during the last thirty years, this study finds systematic variation in the dimensions used to differentiate discourse on organizational forms such as hospitals, health maintenance organizations, and nursing homes. Discourse in the sector suggests that the symbolic integration of forms along the dimension of accessibility during the heyday of welfare state policies has given way to symbolic integration along clinical and functional dimensions with the rise of neoliberal ideologies. These segregating and blending processes are discussed as a general response to uncertainty and the desire for ontological security among organizational actors.
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    The DBCLS BioHackathon: standardization and interoperability for bioinformatics web services and workflows
    (J. Biomed. Semantics, 2010-08) Katayama, Toshiaki; Arakawa, Kazuharu; Nakao, Mitsuteru; Ono, Keiichiro; Aoki-Kinoshita, Kiyoko F; Yamamoto, Yasunori; Yamaguchi, Atsuko; Kawashima, Shuichi; Chun, Hong-Woo; Aerts, Jan; Aranda, Bruno; Barboza, Lord Hendrix; Bonnal, Raoul J; Bruskiewich, Richard; Bryne, Jan C; Fernendez, Jose M; Funahashi, Akira; Gordon, Paul M; Goto, Naohisa; Groscurth, Andreas; Gutteridge, Alex; Holland, Richard; Kano, Yoshinobu; Kawas, Edward A; Kerhornou, Arnaud; Kibukawa, Eri; Kinjo, Akira R; Kuhn, Michael; Lapp, Hilmar; Lehvaslaiho, Heikki; Nakamura, Hiroyuki; Nakamura, Yasukazu; Nishizawa, Tatsuya; Nobata, Chikashi; Noguchi, Tamotsu; Oinn, Thomas M; Okamoto, Shinobu; Owen, Stuart; Pafilis, Evangelos; Pocock, Matthew; Prins, Pjotr; Ranzinger, Rene; Reisinger, Florian; Salwinski, Lukasz; Schreiber, Mark; Senger, Martin; Shigemoto, Yasumasa; Standley, Daron M; Sugawara, Hideaki; Tashiro, Toshiyuki; Trelles, Oswaldo; Vos, Rutger A; Wilkinson, Mark D; York, William; Zmasek, Christian M; Asai, Kiyoshi; Takagi, Toshihisa
    ABSTRACT: Web services have become a key technology for bioinformatics, since life science databases are globally decentralized and the exponential increase in the amount of available data demands for efficient systems without the need to transfer entire databases for every step of an analysis. However, various incompatibilities among database resources and analysis services make it difficult to connect and integrate these into interoperable workflows. To resolve this situation, we invited domain specialists from web service providers, client software developers, Open Bio* projects, the BioMoby project and researchers of emerging areas where a standard exchange data format is not well established, for an intensive collaboration entitled the BioHackathon 2008. The meeting was hosted by the Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS) and Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC) and was held in Tokyo from February 11th to 15th, 2008. In this report we highlight the work accomplished and the common issues arisen from this event, including the standardization of data exchange formats and services in the emerging fields of glycoinformatics, biological interaction networks, text mining, and phyloinformatics. In addition, common shared object development based on BioSQL, as well as technical challenges in large data management, asynchronous services, and security are discussed. Consequently, we improved interoperability of web services in several fields, however, further cooperation among major database centers and continued collaborative efforts between service providers and software developers are still necessary for an effective advance in bioinformatics web service technologies.
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    The Emergence of Organizational Forms: A Community Ecology Approach
    (American Journal of Sociology, 2000) Ruef, M
    This article introduces a new ecological approach to the study of form emergence based on the notion of an organizational community - a bounded set of forms with related identities. Applying the approach to 48 organizational forms in the health care sector, this study suggests that the development of novel forms is affected by the positioning of their identities with respect to existing form identities in the community, by the aggregate density and size of organizations matching those existing identities, and by the amount of attention directed at identity attributes by sector participants. Findings show that the process of form emergence is subject to population-dependent effects akin to those noted previously for organizational entries within established populations. The aggregate density and size of organizations with similar identities increase the probability of form emergence to a point (cross-form legitimation), but highly saturated regions of the identity space tend to be uninviting to new forms (cross-form competition).
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    The Socially and Spatially Bounded Relationships of Entrepreneurial Activity: Olav Sorenson -- Recipient of the 2018 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
    (Small Business Economics, 2018) Rickne, Annika; Ruef, M; Wennberg, Karl
    This article reviews the academic contributions of Olav Sorenson, recipient of the 2018 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. His work has advanced scholarly understanding of how entrepreneurship and innovation are strongly embedded in socially and spatially bounded relationships. Based on meticulous empirical studies using a broad range of methods, he has challenged conventional models of new firms’ location choices, explained patterns of and determinants of knowledge diffusion, and considered how social networks can lead to economic advantages. This article discusses Sorenson’s work specifically focusing on three themes—(i) the geography of entrepreneurial activity, (ii) social capital, and (iii) the evolution of learning and innovation—highlighting scholarly contributions and insights for management practice and public policy.