Browsing by Subject "Psychology, Experimental"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Open Access
51 properties of 125 words: A unit analysis of verbal behavior
(Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1980-01-01) Rubin, DC
Values for 125 words were obtained for 51 scales including measures of orthography, pronunciation, imagery, categorizability, association, number of attributes, age-of-acquisition, word frequency, goodness, emotionality, autobiographical memory, tachistoscopic recognition, reading latency, lexical decision, incidental and intentional recall, recall using a mnemonic pathway, paired-associate learning, and recognition. Six factors emerged: Spelling and Sound, Imagery and Meaning, Word Frequency, Recall, Emotionality, and Goodness. Implications for current methodology and theory are discussed, including the claims: that multivariate research is a necessary addition to the study of verbal behavior; that a unidimensional concept such as depth does not do justice to the complexity of recall; and that associative frequency, emotionality, and pronunciability are among the best predictors of our commonly used tasks. © 1980 Academic Press, Inc.
Open Access
A simple design for an impossible triangle.
(Perception, 1979-01) Brouwer, JR; Rubin, DC
Open Access
Characteristics and Constraints in Ballads and Their Effects on Memory
(Discourse Processes, 1991-04-01) Rubin, DC; Wanda, TW
Four sets of ballads, chosen as a sample of an oral tradition as it existed in North Carolina in the early 1900s, were examined in order to determine whether ballad characteristics used in combination are sufficient to account for the stability observed from performance to performance, as well as across generations of oral transmission. The characteristics included verse length, presence of refrains, presence and location of poetics, the pattern and number of end rhymes, the metrical patterns, average number of syllables per word, the pattern of meaning and imagery in lines, the frequency of repeated lines both within and across ballads in the set, the musical scales used, and the agreement of metrical stresses and musical beats. The combination of these characteristics provides many constraints which limit the possible word choices and can act to stabilize transmissions. © 1991, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Open Access
First-order approximation to English, second-order approximation to English, and orthographic neighbor ratio norms for 925 nouns
(Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1981-11-01) Rubin, DC
First- and second-order approximations to English and orthographic neighbor ratio values are provided for Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan's (1968) 925 nouns. First- and second-order approximations to English are information theory measures of the probability of generating a word on a letter-by-letter basis. The orthographic neighbor ratio is the frequency of a word divided by the sum of the frequencies of all words that can be generated by changing one of its letters. Thus, the orthographic neighbor ratio provides a measure of a sophisticated guessing model in which partial information about a word is obtained and a decision is made on the basis of the relative frequencies of the possible responses. Correlations with existing norms are reported. © 1981 Psychonomic Society, Inc.
Open Access
Most People who Think that They are Likely to Enter Psychotherapy also Think it is Plausible that They could have Forgotten their own Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse.
(Applied cognitive psychology, 2009-01) Rubin, David C; Berntsen, Dorthe
Pezdek and Blandon-Gitlin (in press) found that 25% of their participants reported as plausible or very plausible that they themselves could have been a victim of childhood sexual abuse without being able to remember it. In addition, they found that the 25% figure increased to 61% for participants who reported that they were likely at some point in their life to seek psychotherapy. Given past work showing that it is easier to implant a false memory for plausible events, and counter to Pezdek and Blandon-Gitlin's conclusions, these data point to a substantial danger of implanting false memories of childhood sexual abuse during therapy in many people and in most people who are likely to go into therapy. Theoretical issues regarding plausibility are discussed.
Open Access
The awakening of the attention: Evidence for a link between the monitoring of mind wandering and prospective goals.
(Journal of experimental psychology. General, 2018-03) Seli, Paul; Smilek, Daniel; Ralph, Brandon CW; Schacter, Daniel L
Across 2 independent samples, we examined the relation between individual differences in rates of self-caught mind wandering and individual differences in temporal monitoring of an unrelated response goal. Rates of self-caught mind wandering were assessed during a commonly used sustained-attention task, and temporal goal monitoring was indexed during a well-established prospective-memory task. The results from both samples showed a positive relation between rates of self-caught mind wandering during the sustained-attention task and rates of checking a clock to monitor the amount of time remaining before a response was required in the prospective-memory task. This relation held even when controlling for overall propensity to mind-wander (indexed by intermittent thought probes) and levels of motivation (indexed by subjective reports). These results suggest the possibility that there is a common monitoring system that monitors the contents of consciousness and the progress of ongoing goals and tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record
Open Access
The dynamics of behavior: Review of Sutton and Barto: Reinforcement Learning : An Introduction (2 nd ed.)
(Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2020-03) Staddon, JER
Open Access
Unit Analysis of Prose Memory in Clinical and Elderly Populations
(Developmental Neuropsychology, 1986-01-01) Schultz, KA
Interpretation of clinical memory tests generally emphasizes the quantitative aspects of recall. This study presents an additional unit analysis of the Logical Memory subtest of Russell's revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale for a variety of older adult groups. Patients' neuropsychological test data were reviewed, and the paragraphs from the Logical Memory subtest were analyzed using unit analysis (Rubin, 1978). The older adults consisted of a healthy group as well as groups whose diagnoses included Alzheimer's and multi-infarct dementias, head trauma, and metabolic and affective disorders. Quantitative analyses of recall revealed group differences. Qualitative analysis of which memory units were recalled, however, showed similarities in memory processing among these groups. © 1986, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.