Browsing by Subject "RESPONSES"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Open Access
African American professionals in higher education: experiencing and coping with racial microaggressions
(Race Ethnicity and Education, 2020-07-03) DeCuir-Gunby, JT; Johnson, OT; Womble Edwards, C; McCoy, WN; White, AM
Using a Critical Race Theory lens, we explored how African American professionals in both HBCUs and PWIs (4-year and 2-year institutions) experienced and coped with racial microaggressions. The participants in this study included fifteen African American instructors/professors and administrators. Despite the type of institution, the emerged themes from interviews indicated that participants experienced an array of racial microaggressions. In addition, many participants addressed race-related stress experienced in the workplace by engaging in both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Implications are provided to discuss the impact that racial microaggressions has on African Americans in the higher education workplace.
Open Access
Climate science strategy of the US National Marine Fisheries Service
(Marine Policy, 2016-12) Sykora-Bodie, Seth; Busch, D Shallin; Griffis, Roger; Link, Jason; Abrams, Karen; Baker, Jason; Brainard, Russell E; Ford, Michael; Hare, Jonathan A; Himes-Cornell, Amber; Hollowed, Anne; Mantua, Nathan J; McClatchie, Sam; McClure, Michelle; Nelson, Mark W; Osgood, Kenric; Peterson, Jay O; Rust, Michael; Saba, Vincent; Sigler, Michael F; Toole, Christopher; Thunberg, Eric; Waples, Robin S; Merrick, Richard
Open Access
Critical information gaps remain in understanding impacts of industrial seismic surveys on marine vertebrates
(Endangered Species Research, 2019-01-01) Elliott, BW; Read, AJ; Godley, BJ; Nelms, SE; Nowacek, DP
© The authors 2019. Anthropogenic noise is increasing throughout the world's oceans. One major contributor is industrial seismic surveys-a process typically undertaken to locate and estimate the quantity of oil and gas deposits beneath the seafloor-which, in recent years, has increased in magnitude and scope in some regions. Regulators permit this activity despite widespread uncertainties regarding the potential ecological impacts of seismic surveys and gaps in baseline information on some key species of conservation concern. Research to date suggests that impacts vary, from displacement to direct mortality, but these effects remain poorly understood for most species. Here, we summarize potential effects of seismic surveys, describe key knowledge gaps, and recommend broad-scale research priorities for 3 impacted taxonomic groups: fish, marine mammals, and sea turtles. We also suggest further technological advances, improved mitigation measures, and better policy and management structures to minimize the ecological impacts of seismic surveys in light of scientific uncertainty.
Open Access
Earthworms modify plant biomass and nitrogen capture under conditions of soil nutrient heterogeneity and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations
(Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014-01-01) García-Palacios, Pablo; Maestre, Fernando T; Bradford, Mark A; Reynolds, James F
Earthworms modify the way roots respond to soil nutrient patchiness. However, few studies have evaluated the joint effects of earthworms and soil heterogeneity on plant community biomass and species dominance, and none of them have assessed the influence of different patch features and environmental conditions on such effects. We evaluated how soil nutrient heterogeneity, earthworms (Eisenia fetida), organic material quality (15N-labelled leaves and roots of contrasting C: N ratios) and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (phytotron chambers) affected the resource-use strategy, biomass and species dominance of mixtures formed by Lolium perenne L. and Plantago lanceolata L. Soil heterogeneity decreased N capture from the organic material, especially in the presence of earthworms. Mixtures experienced a 26 and 36% decrease in shoot and root biomass when earthworms were added to the heterogeneous microcosms, but only with high quality organic material. The dominance of L. perenne was lower under conditions of elevated CO2, nutrient heterogeneity and earthworms. Our data suggest that earthworms can neutralize positive plant growth responses to soil heterogeneity by exacerbating decreases in the supply of N to the plant. Specifically, earthworms foraging for high quality patches may stimulate microbial N immobilization, translating into lower N capture by plants. Increases in casting activity under elevated CO2, and hence in microbial N immobilization, may also explain why earthworms modulated the effects of soil heterogeneity and CO2 concentrations on plant community structure. We show that earthworms, absent from most soil nutrient heterogeneity studies, mediate plant biomass responses to nutrient patchiness by affecting N capture. Future plant-foraging behaviour studies should consider the roles played by soil engineers such as earthworms, so that results can be better extrapolated to natural communities. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.