Browsing by Subject "Recreation"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Descriptive Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Naval Special Warfare Sea, Air, and Land Operators.
    (Mil Med, 2016-01) Lovalekar, Mita; Abt, John P; Sell, Timothy C; Wood, Dallas E; Lephart, Scott M
    The purpose of this analysis was to describe medical chart reviewed musculoskeletal injuries among Naval Special Warfare Sea, Air, and Land Operators. 210 Operators volunteered (age: 28.1 ± 6.0 years, height: 1.8 ± 0.1 m, weight: 85.4 ± 9.3 kg). Musculoskeletal injury data were extracted from subjects' medical charts, and injuries that occurred during 1 year were described. Anatomic location of injury, cause of injury, activity when injury occurred, and injury type were described. The frequency of injuries was 0.025 per Operator per month. Most injuries involved the upper extremity (38.1% of injuries). Frequent anatomic sublocations for injuries were the shoulder (23.8%) and lumbopelvic region of the spine (12.7%). Lifting was the cause of 7.9% of injuries. Subjects were participating in training when 38.1% of injuries occurred and recreational activity/sports when 12.7% of injuries occurred. Frequent injury types were strain (20.6%), pain/spasm/ache (19.0%), fracture (11.1%), and sprain (11.1%). The results of this analysis underscore the need to investigate the risk factors, especially of upper extremity and physical activity related injuries, in this population of Operators. There is a scope for development of a focused, customized injury prevention program, targeting the unique injury profile of this population.
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    EVALUATION OF CURRENT INDICATORS OF WATER SAFETY FOR COASTAL RECREATIONAL WATERS
    (2007-05) Leiendecker, Lindsay
    As summer months approach, excitement for the warm sun and water trigger families to solidify plans for a trip to the beach. Parents worry about packing for the kids, affording travel expenses, finding lodging, and making sure there is enough sunscreen for everyone. Does anyone ever worry about the condition of the ocean water they will be swimming in? In America, the Environmental Protection Agency monitors the health of coastal recreational waters and has the authority to close beaches that do not meet their safety standards. Bodies of water may contain pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, and viruses found in animal waste. These fecal pathogens contaminate our waterways through coastal and shoreline development, wastewater collection and treatment facilities, septic tanks, urban runoff, disposal of human waste from boats, bathers themselves, animal feeding operations, and natural animal sources like wildlife. Humans that swim in these infected waters risk diseases as mild as ear infections and sore throats, to more serious diseases such as dysentery, typhoid fever, and Hepatitis A. However, instead of testing for a variety of diseases, the EPA uses indicator organisms, E. coli and enterococci, to monitor fecal contamination in coastal recreational waters. If E. coli counts in freshwater rise above 126 organisms per 100 ml or if Enterococci counts in saltwater rise above 35 organisms per 100ml, a sign posting or beach closure is necessary. E. coli and Enterococci, referred to as indicator organisms or fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), are two of the many organisms that live in the intestinal tracks of mammals and birds. Everyday one human will pass approximately 100 billion to 10 trillion individual E. coli bacteria in their feces. These indicators do not normally harm humans. However, there has been a lot of press about E. coli infecting the public through food. This particular strain of E.coli, E. coli 0157:H7, is a rare but dangerous strain which causes hemorrhaging in the intestines. Because these indicators are relied on so heavily to determine safety of water, it is imperative to determine if these are suitable indicators, understand the environmental factors that allow them to thrive, and ways to eliminate them from the waters. Some of these factors include temperature, light, salinity, rainfall, predation, available nutrients and environmental pollutants.
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    Recreation and Wilderness Trends at the White Mountain National Forest
    (2011-04-28) DuRocher, Lauren
    The White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) provides a unique and important recreational opportunity and experience for visitors from around New England and beyond. Monitoring is a necessary step to assess recreation use trends, resource impacts, and visitor experience. This monitoring can inform management to better adapt to use levels, anticipate future trends and mitigate resource concerns. Goals of the monitoring are outlined in the Forest Plan and Monitoring Guide. Visitor use and Wilderness data and information from across the WMNF was brought together to assess current monitoring efforts. Within several important recreation sectors historical data was used to analyze and model trend lines. The areas of analysis included developed campground use, backcountry hut and shelter use, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing and Wilderness group size and number of visitors. Overall the WMNF is keeping up with the recreation and wilderness monitoring goals set forth in the Monitoring Guide. The Forest as a whole has continued to provide a wide range of quality recreation opportunities from motorized to non-motorized to primitive. Efforts to monitor developed recreation sites including ski areas, and campgrounds as well as backcountry facilities such as huts and selected shelters have been consistent. In addition, the Forest has continued to complete Wilderness visitor use monitoring consistently over the past five years. Areas in the monitoring program that still need implementation include monitoring of rock climbing areas and shoulder season impacts of snowmobiling. Other monitoring areas that need some improvement include outfitter/guide use, use on Forest Trails, Wilderness campsite size and visitor perceived quality and crowding. These areas all have some monitoring efforts but will need to be improved in order to fulfill the objectives outlined in the Monitoring Guide.
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    RECREATIONAL FISHERMEN’S PERCEPTIONS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
    (2003) Kerns, Toni
    Apparent failure of traditional management approaches to stall declines of economically important fish populations has led to new management approaches including marine protected areas (MPAs). Recreational organizations and associations are not pleased with management’s proposed use of MPAs. A pilot study was conducted to address the perception of recreational fishermen including the level of awareness of MPAs among recreational fishermen and their attitudes and concerns towards MPAs. My finding show the majority of recreational fishermen are in support of MPAs but have reservations with no-take areas. The respondents were knowledgeable in the benefits of MPAs but incompletely understood the designation process. I recommend that managers devise an outreach plan to educate recreational fishermen about MPAs and help to open a dialog with this user group and conservation groups on how to best employ MPAs to address both conservation and recreational fishing needs.