Browsing by Subject "Social Isolation"

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    Responses to conspecific chemical stimuli in the treatment snail Achatina fulica (Pulmonata: Sigmurethra).
    (Behavioral biology, 1978-03) Chase, R; Pryer, K; Baker, R; Madison, D
    The giant African snail, Achatina fulica, followed trails made with the mucus of A. fulica, but did not follow those consisting of mucus from Otala vermiculata. In olfactometer experiments, A. fulica and Helix aperta oriented preferentially toward the odor of their own species when both odors were presented simultaneously. Species specificity was less pronounced when the odor of O. vermiculata was paired with either of the other two snail odors. Sexually mature A. fulica that had been housed individually for 30 days prior to testing followed mucus trails better than did similar snails housed collectively. Immature A. fulica did not follow trails better after isolation, but showed a facilitative effect of isolation on conspecific orientation in the olfactometer. Three-week-old snails, maintained in individual containers from the time of hatching, also oriented preferentially toward conspecific odors. © 1978 Academic Press, Inc.
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    Social context-dependent singing-regulated dopamine.
    (J Neurosci, 2006-08-30) Sasaki, Aya; Sotnikova, Tatyana D; Gainetdinov, Raul R; Jarvis, Erich D
    Like the mammalian striatum, the songbird striatum receives dense dopaminergic input from the midbrain ventral tegmental area-substantia nigra pars compacta complex. The songbird striatum also contains a unique vocal nucleus, Area X, which has been implicated in song learning and social context-dependent song production. Area X shows increased neural firing and activity-dependent gene expression when birds sing, and the level of activation is higher and more variable during undirected singing relative to directed singing to other birds. Here we show in the first report of in vivo microdialysis in awake, behaving songbirds that singing is associated with increased dopamine levels in Area X. Dopamine levels are significantly higher with directed relative to undirected singing. This social context-dependent difference in dopamine levels requires the dopamine transporter, because local in vivo blockade of the transporter caused dopamine levels for undirected singing to increase to levels similar to that for directed singing, eliminating the social context-dependent difference. The increase in dopamine is presumably depolarization and vesicular release dependent, because adding of high K+ increased and removal of Ca2+ increased and decreased extracellular DA levels. Our findings implicate DA and molecules that control DA kinetics in singing behavior and social context-dependent brain function.
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    The social threats of COVID-19 for people with chronic pain.
    (Pain, 2020-10) Karos, Kai; McParland, Joanna L; Bunzli, Samantha; Devan, Hemakumar; Hirsh, Adam; Kapos, Flavia P; Keogh, Edmund; Moore, David; Tracy, Lincoln M; Ashton-James, Claire E