Browsing by Subject "Stem Cell Transplantation"
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Item Open Access Clinical outcome of cerebrospinal fluid shunting for communicating hydrocephalus in mucopolysaccharidoses I, II, and III: a retrospective analysis of 13 patients.(Neurosurgery, 2010-12) Aliabadi, Hamidreza; Reynolds, Renee; Powers, Ciaran J; Grant, Gerald; Fuchs, Herbert; Kurtzberg, JoanneBackground
Intracranial pathology is a well-documented feature of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), including communicating hydrocephalus (CH). Neither the success nor the complications of cerebrospinal fluid shunting in MPS patients have been well documented.Objective
To retrospectively analyze 13 children with communicating hydrocephalus and MPS at our institution between 1998 and 2006.Methods
Thirteen patients diagnosed with MPS I, II, or III presenting for stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Patients underwent a rigorous pretransplantation workup, including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. If imaging revealed ventriculomegaly, a lumbar puncture was performed. If intracranial pressure was >20 cm H20 or the patient demonstrated clinical signs of hydrocephalus or evidence of clinical decline with increasing ventricular size on imaging, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was placed. Clinical outcomes were analyzed after dividing the patients into 2 groups: patients who underwent VPS before (group A) and after (Group B) stem cell transplantation.Results
There were 8 patients in group A and 5 in group B. Group B patients developed more severe complications, including 2 patients who required VPS early after transplantation, one who died secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage and another who developed a subdural empyema. Of the 8 patients in group A, 5 had complications, including 2 shunt infections, a punctate intracerebral hematoma, shunt tube migration, and 3 shunt failures.Conclusion
This is the largest review of MPS patients with communicating hydrocephalus. It demonstrates that VPS is an effective treatment. MPS patients need to be evaluated for hydrocephalus before stem cell transplantation because pretransplantation shunting appears to have the most favorable risk/benefit ratio.Item Open Access Human Herpes Virus 8 in HIV-1 infected individuals receiving cancer chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.(PloS one, 2018-01) Hogan, Louise E; Hanhauser, Emily; Hobbs, Kristen S; Palmer, Christine D; Robles, Yvonne; Jost, Stephanie; LaCasce, Anne S; Abramson, Jeremy; Hamdan, Ayad; Marty, Francisco M; Kuritzkes, Daniel R; Henrich, Timothy JBackground
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) can cause Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) in immunosuppressed individuals. However, little is known about the association between chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), circulating HHV8 DNA levels, and clinical KS in HIV-1-infected individuals with various malignancies. Therefore, we examined the associations between various malignancies, systemic cancer chemotherapy, T cell phenotypes, and circulating HHV8 DNA in 29 HIV-1-infected participants with concomitant KS or other cancer diagnoses.Methods
We quantified HHV8 plasma viral loads and cell-associated HHV8 DNA and determined the relationship between circulating HHV8 DNA and lymphocyte counts, and markers of early and late lymphocyte activation, proliferation and exhaustion.Results
There were no significant differences in plasma HHV8 DNA levels between baseline and post-chemotherapy time points or with the presence or absence of clinical KS. However, in two participants circulating HHV8 DNA increased following treatment for KS or HSCT for lymphoma,. We observed an approximately 2-log10 reduction in plasma HHV8 DNA in an individual with KS and multicentric Castleman disease following rituximab monotherapy. Although individuals with clinical KS had lower mean CD4+ T cell counts and percentages as expected, there were no significant associations with these factors and plasma HHV8 levels. We identified increased proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing CD69 (P = 0.01 & P = 0.04 respectively), and increased CD57 expression on CD4+ T cells (P = 0.003) in participants with detectable HHV8.Conclusion
These results suggest there is a complex relationship between circulating HHV8 DNA and tissue-based disease in HIV-1 and HHV8 co-infected individuals with various malignancies.Item Open Access Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Persistence Following Systemic Chemotherapy for Malignancy.(The Journal of infectious diseases, 2017-07) Henrich, Timothy J; Hobbs, Kristen S; Hanhauser, Emily; Scully, Eileen; Hogan, Louise E; Robles, Yvonne P; Leadabrand, Kaitlyn S; Marty, Francisco M; Palmer, Christine D; Jost, Stephanie; Körner, Christian; Li, Jonathan Z; Gandhi, Rajesh T; Hamdan, Ayad; Abramson, Jeremy; LaCasce, Ann S; Kuritzkes, Daniel RBackground
Systemic chemotherapies for various malignancies have been shown to significantly, yet transiently, decrease numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes, a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, little is known about the impact of cytoreductive chemotherapy on HIV-1 reservoir dynamics, persistence, and immune responses.Methods
We investigated the changes in peripheral CD4+ T-cell-associated HIV-1 DNA and RNA levels, lymphocyte activation, viral population structure, and virus-specific immune responses in a longitudinal cohort of 15 HIV-1-infected individuals receiving systemic chemotherapy or subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation for treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors.Results
Despite a transient reduction in CD4+ T cells capable of harboring HIV-1, a 1.7- and 3.3-fold increase in mean CD4+ T-cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA, respectively, were observed months following completion of chemotherapy in individuals on antiretroviral therapy. We also observed changes in CD4+ T-cell population diversity and clonal viral sequence expansion during CD4+ T-cell reconstitution following chemotherapy cessation. Finally, HIV-1 DNA was preferentially, and in some cases exclusively, detected in cytomegalovirus (CMV)- and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-responsive CD4+ T cells following chemotherapy.Conclusions
Expansion of HIV-infected CMV/EBV-specific CD4 + T cells may contribute to maintenance of the HIV DNA reservoir following chemotherapy.Item Open Access Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders: Gaps and Opportunities.(Chemical senses, 2020-10) Mainland, Joel D; Barlow, Linda A; Munger, Steven D; Millar, Sarah E; Vergara, M Natalia; Jiang, Peihua; Schwob, James E; Goldstein, Bradley J; Boye, Shannon E; Martens, Jeffrey R; Leopold, Donald A; Bartoshuk, Linda M; Doty, Richard L; Hummel, Thomas; Pinto, Jayant M; Trimmer, Casey; Kelly, Christine; Pribitkin, Edmund A; Reed, Danielle RThe chemical senses of taste and smell play a vital role in conveying information about ourselves and our environment. Tastes and smells can warn against danger and also contribute to the daily enjoyment of food, friends and family, and our surroundings. Over 12% of the US population is estimated to experience taste and smell (chemosensory) dysfunction. Yet, despite this high prevalence, long-term, effective treatments for these disorders have been largely elusive. Clinical successes in other sensory systems, including hearing and vision, have led to new hope for developments in the treatment of chemosensory disorders. To accelerate cures, we convened the "Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders" conference, bringing together basic and translational sensory scientists, health care professionals, and patients to identify gaps in our current understanding of chemosensory dysfunction and next steps in a broad-based research strategy. Their suggestions for high-yield next steps were focused in 3 areas: increasing awareness and research capacity (e.g., patient advocacy), developing and enhancing clinical measures of taste and smell, and supporting new avenues of research into cellular and therapeutic approaches (e.g., developing human chemosensory cell lines, stem cells, and gene therapy approaches). These long-term strategies led to specific suggestions for immediate research priorities that focus on expanding our understanding of specific responses of chemosensory cells and developing valuable assays to identify and document cell development, regeneration, and function. Addressing these high-priority areas should accelerate the development of novel and effective treatments for taste and smell disorders.Item Restricted Implantation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells preserves function of infarcted murine hearts.(PLoS One, 2010-07-12) Christoforou, Nicolas; Oskouei, Behzad N; Esteso, Paul; Hill, Christine M; Zimmet, Jeffrey M; Bian, Weining; Bursac, Nenad; Leong, Kam W; Hare, Joshua M; Gearhart, John DStem cell transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of myocardial infarction injury. We recently described the embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) capable of differentiating into cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelium, and smooth muscle. In this study, we hypothesized that transplanted CPCs will preserve function of the infarcted heart by participating in both muscle replacement and neovascularization. Differentiated CPCs formed functional electromechanical junctions with cardiomyocytes in vitro and conducted action potentials over cm-scale distances. When transplanted into infarcted mouse hearts, CPCs engrafted long-term in the infarct zone and surrounding myocardium without causing teratomas or arrhythmias. The grafted cells differentiated into cross-striated cardiomyocytes forming gap junctions with the host cells, while also contributing to neovascularization. Serial echocardiography and pressure-volume catheterization demonstrated attenuated ventricular dilatation and preserved left ventricular fractional shortening, systolic and diastolic function. Our results demonstrate that CPCs can engraft, differentiate, and preserve the functional output of the infarcted heart.Item Open Access Interstitial engraftment of adipose-derived stem cells into an acellular dermal matrix results in improved inward angiogenesis and tissue incorporation.(J Biomed Mater Res A, 2013-10) Komatsu, Issei; Yang, Jun; Zhang, Ying; Levin, L Scott; Erdmann, D; Klitzman, Bruce; Hollenbeck, Scott TAcellular dermal matrices (ADM) are commonly used in reconstructive procedures and rely on host cell invasion to become incorporated into host tissues. We investigated different approaches to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) engraftment into ADM to enhance this process. Lewis rat adipose-derived stem cells were isolated and grafted (3.0 × 10(5) cells) to porcine ADM disks (1.5 mm thick × 6 mm diameter) using either passive onlay or interstitial injection seeding techniques. Following incubation, seeding efficiency and seeded cell viability were measured in vitro. In addition, Eighteen Lewis rats underwent subcutaneous placement of ADM disk either as control or seeded with PKH67 labeled ASCs. ADM disks were seeded with ASCs using either onlay or injection techniques. On day 7 and or 14, ADM disks were harvested and analyzed for host cell infiltration. Onlay and injection techniques resulted in unique seeding patterns; however cell seeding efficiency and cell viability were similar. In-vivo studies showed significantly increased host cell infiltration towards the ASCs foci following injection seeding in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, regional endothelial cell invasion was significantly greater in ASCs injected grafts in comparison to onlay seeding (p < 0.05). ADM can successfully be engrafted with ASCs. Interstitial engraftment of ASCs into ADM via injection enhances regional infiltration of host cells and angiogenesis, whereas onlay seeding showed relatively broad and superficial cell infiltration. These findings may be applied to improve the incorporation of avascular engineered constructs.Item Open Access Multi-site evaluation of the BD Stem Cell Enumeration Kit for CD34(+) cell enumeration on the BD FACSCanto II and BD FACSCalibur flow cytometers.(Cytotherapy, 2014-11) Preti, Robert A; Chan, Wai Shun; Kurtzberg, Joanne; Dornsife, Ronna E; Wallace, Paul K; Furlage, Rosemary; Lin, Anna; Omana-Zapata, Imelda; Bonig, Halvard; Tonn, TorstenBackground aims
Evaluation of the BD Stem Cell Enumeration Kit was conducted at four clinical sites with flow cytometry CD34(+) enumeration to assess agreement between two investigational methods: (i) the BD FACSCanto II and BD FACSCalibur systems and (ii) the predicate method (Beckman Coulter StemKit and StemTrol, Immunotech SAS, Beckman Coulter, Marseille Cedex 9, France).Methods
Leftover and delinked specimens (n = 1032) from clinical flow cytometry testing were analyzed on the BD FACSCanto II (n = 918) and BD FACSCalibur (n = 905) in normal and mobilized blood, frozen and thawed bone marrow and leucopheresis and cord blood anticoagulated with citrate phosphate dextrose, anticoagulant citrate dextrose-solution A, heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, alone or in combination. Fresh leucopheresis analysis addressed site equivalency for sample preparation, testing and analysis.Results
The mean relative bias showed agreement within predefined parameters for the BD FACSCanto II (-2.81 to 4.31 ±7.1) and BD FACSCalibur (-2.69 to 5.2 ±7.9). Results are reported as absolute and relative differences compared with the predicate for viable CD34(+), percentage of CD34(+) in CD45(+) and viable CD45(+) populations (or gates). Bias analyses of the distribution of the predicate low, mid and high bin values were done using BD FACSCanto II optimal gating and BD FACSCalibur manual gating for viable CD34(+), percentage of CD34(+) in CD45(+) and viable CD45(+). Bias results from both investigational methods show agreement. Deming regression analyses showed a linear relationship with R(2) > 0.92 for both investigational methods.Discussion
In conclusion, the results from both investigational methods demonstrated agreement and equivalence with the predicate method for enumeration of absolute viable CD34(+), percentage of viable CD34(+) in CD45(+) and absolute viable CD45(+) populations.Item Open Access Pretargeting and Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry-Mediated Endogenous Stem Cell Homing for Heart Repair.(ACS nano, 2018-12) Li, Zhenhua; Shen, Deliang; Hu, Shiqi; Su, Teng; Huang, Ke; Liu, Feiran; Hou, Lei; Cheng, KeStem cell therapy is one of the promising strategies for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. However, the clinical application of stem cells transplantation is limited by low cell engraftment in the infarcted myocardium. Taking advantage of pretargeting and bioorthogonal chemistry, we engineered a pretargeting and bioorthogonal chemistry (PTBC) system to capture endogenous circulating stem cells and target them to the injured heart for effective repair. Two bioorthogonal antibodies were i.v. administrated with a pretargeting interval (48 h). Through bioorthogonal click reaction, the two antibodies are linked in vivo, engaging endogenous stem cells with circulating platelets. As a result, the platelets redirect the stem cells to the injured heart. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that bioorthogonal click reaction was able to induce the conjugation of platelets and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and enhance the binding of EPCs to collagen and injured blood vessels. More importantly, in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction, the in vivo results of cardiac function, heart morphometry, and immunohistochemistry assessment all confirmed effective heart repair by the PTBC system.Item Open Access Safety and efficacy of CMX001 as salvage therapy for severe adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients.(Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 2012-05) Florescu, Diana F; Pergam, Steven A; Neely, Michael N; Qiu, Fang; Johnston, Christine; Way, SingSing; Sande, Jane; Lewinsohn, Deborah A; Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A; Graham, Michael L; Papanicolaou, Genovefa; Kurtzberg, Joanne; Rigdon, Joseph; Painter, Wendy; Mommeja-Marin, Herve; Lanier, Randall; Anderson, Maggie; van der Horst, CharlesNo therapeutic agent has yet been established as the definitive therapy for adenovirus infections. We describe the clinical experience of 13 immunocompromised patients who received CMX001 (hexadecyloxypropyl cidofovir), an orally bioavailable lipid conjugate of cidofovir, for adenovirus disease. We retrospectively analyzed 13 patients with adenovirus disease and viremia treated with CMX001; data were available for ≥ 4 weeks after initiation of CMX001 therapy. Virologic response (VR) was defined as a 99% drop from baseline or undetectable adenovirus DNA in serum. The median age of the group was 6 years (range, 0.92-66 years). One patient had severe combined immunodeficiency, 1 patient was a small bowel transplant recipient, and 11 were allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Adenovirus disease was diagnosed at a median of 75 days (range, 15-720 days) after transplantation. All patients received i.v. cidofovir for a median of 21 days (range, 5-90 days) before CMX001 therapy. The median absolute lymphocyte count at CMX001 initiation was 300 cells/μL (range, 7-1500 cells/μL). Eight patients (61.5%) had a ≥ 1 log10 drop in viral load after the first week of therapy. By week 8, 9 patients (69.2%) demonstrated a VR, with a median time to achieve VR of 7 days (range, 3-35 days). The change in absolute lymphocyte count was inversely correlated with the change in log10 viral load only at week 6 (r = -0.74; P = .03). Patients with VR had longer survival than those without VR (median 196 days versus 54.5 days; P = .04). No serious adverse events were attributed to CMX001 during therapy. CMX001 may be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of severe adenovirus disease in immunocompromised patients.Item Open Access Stem cell therapies in cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder.(Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2021-05) Sun, Jessica M; Kurtzberg, JoanneAcross disciplines, there is great anticipation that evolving cell therapies may finally provide a therapeutic option for conditions in dire need. These conditions are typically complex and their pathophysiology incompletely understood, hindering the development of robust preclinical models and the precise assessment of therapeutic effects in human studies. This article provides an overview of the status of cell therapy investigations in two common neurodevelopmental disorders, cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder. Challenges facing this line of study, including inherent heterogeneity, knowledge gaps, and unrealistic expectations, are discussed. Much progress has been made in the past decade, but to definitively determine if cell therapies have a role in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, both fields will need to evolve together. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The safety profile of reported cell therapies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders is encouraging. Efficacy trials in cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder are ongoing in the United States and Asia. Unresolved issues pertain to the properties of the cells being studied and the characteristics of the neurodevelopmental conditions themselves.Item Open Access Tissue engraftment of hypoxic-preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells improves flap viability.(Wound Repair Regen, 2012-11) Hollenbeck, Scott T; Senghaas, Annika; Komatsu, Issei; Zhang, Ying; Erdmann, Detlev; Klitzman, BruceAdipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the ability to release multiple growth factors in response to hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the potential of ASCs to prevent tissue ischemia. We found conditioned media from hypoxic ASCs had increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and enhanced endothelial cell tubule formation. To investigate the effect of injecting rat ASCs into ischemic flaps, 21 Lewis rats were divided into three groups: control, normal oxygen ASCs (10(6) cells), and hypoxic preconditioned ASCs (10(6) cells). At the time of flap elevation, the distal third of the flap was injected with the treatment group. At 7 days post flap elevation, flap viability was significantly improved with injection of hypoxic preconditioned ASCs. Cluster of differentiation-31-positive cells were more abundant along the margins of flaps injected with ASCs. Fluorescent labeled ASCs localized aside blood vessels or throughout the tissue, dependent on oxygen preconditioning status. Next, we evaluated the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on ASC migration and chemotaxis. Hypoxia did not affect ASC migration on scratch assay or chemotaxis to collagen and laminin. Thus, hypoxic preconditioning of injected ASCs improves flap viability likely through the effects of VEGF release. These effects are modest and represent the limitations of cellular and growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the acute setting of ischemia.