Browsing by Subject "Substance Abuse, Intravenous"
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Item Open Access Infrequent illicit methadone use among stimulant-using patients in methadone maintenance treatment programs: a national drug abuse treatment clinical trials network study.(The American journal on addictions, 2008-07) Wu, Li-Tzy; Blazer, Dan G; Stitzer, Maxine L; Patkar, Ashwin A; Blaine, Jack DWe sought to determine the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of past-month illicit methadone use and history of regular illicit use among stimulant-using methadone maintenance treatment patients. We obtained self-reported information on illicit methadone use from 383 participants recruited from six community-based methadone maintenance programs. Overall, 1.6% of participants reported illicit use in the past month, and 4.7% reported a history of regular use. Younger age and history of outpatient psychological treatment were associated with increased odds of past-month illicit use. Illicit methadone use among patients in maintenance programs is infrequent; however, a number of factors may increase risk of illicit use.Item Open Access Injection drug use among stimulant users in a national sample.(The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2004-01) Wu, Li-Tzy; Pilowsky, Daniel J; Wechsberg, Wendee M; Schlenger, William EOBJECTIVE:This study examined the correlates of injection drug use (IDU) in a community sample of psychostimulant users. Factors related to the cessation of illicit drug use and substance abuse service utilization were also determined among a subsample of stimulant users who reported IDU. METHOD:The study sample consisted of 3408 lifetime psychostimulant users from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Logistic regression procedures were used to estimate independent associations of correlates of IDU. RESULTS:Approximately one in seven lifetime stimulant users reported IDU in their lifetime. Stimulant users with a lifetime history of IDU were more likely than those who did not inject to be African-American, not have received a high school diploma, have a history of multiple drug use, and report an onset of stimulant use before age 18. Among recent stimulant users, being aged 26 or older, using stimulants at least weekly, and getting drunk in the past year were associated with increased odds of recent IDU. Only one-half of all injection drug users reported having ever used substance abuse services. Cessation of illicit drug use among injectors with a history of stimulant use is common (44%). CONCLUSIONS:Further studies should clarify the natural history of IDU among stimulant users, including the cessation of drug use without participating in substance abuse treatment services.Item Open Access Is inhalant use a risk factor for heroin and injection drug use among adolescents in the United States?(Addictive behaviors, 2007-02) Wu, Li-Tzy; Howard, Matthew OWe examined whether inhalant use was associated with heroin and injection drug use (IDU) among adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the United States.Data were drawn from the 2002/2003 administrations of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We conducted logistic regression analyses to estimate associations of inhalant use with heroin use, heroin injection, and IDU, respectively, among adolescent drug users (N=8161).Approximately 30.9% of adolescents had ever used at least one illicit drug. More than one-fifth (22.2%) of adolescents were past-year or recent drug users. Among past-year adolescent drug users, 1.4% had progressed to heroin use and 1.2% reported IDU. Adolescents who had used inhalants and marijuana were 2.8 and 2.9 times as likely as adolescents who had used marijuana but not inhalants to report heroin use and any IDU, respectively. Adolescents who had used inhalants or other drugs but not marijuana were unlikely to use heroin. However, inhalant users, irrespective of their marijuana use histories, had greater odds of IDU than drug users who had not used inhalants. Adolescent drug users who were females, school dropouts, whites, or delinquents had significantly increased odds of heroin use and IDU. Cigarette smoking before the age of 15 was strongly associated with heroin use, and a history of foster care placement was associated with IDU.This national study of American adolescents identifies several subgroups of recent drug users, such as females, school dropouts, and youth who have used inhalants and marijuana, which have substantially increased odds of heroin use and IDU. Screening, prevention, and treatment interventions targeted to these groups might reduce medical and social complications of heroin use and IDU.Item Open Access Persistent Bacillus cereus Bacteremia in 3 Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego, California, USA.(Emerging infectious diseases, 2016-09) Schaefer, Gabrielle; Campbell, Wesley; Jenks, Jeffrey; Beesley, Cari; Katsivas, Theodoros; Hoffmaster, Alex; Mehta, Sanjay R; Reed, SharonBacillus cereus is typically considered a blood culture contaminant; however, its presence in blood cultures can indicate true bacteremia. We report 4 episodes of B. cereus bacteremia in 3 persons who inject drugs. Multilocus sequence typing showed that the temporally associated infections were caused by unrelated clones.