Browsing by Subject "Symptom Assessment"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Open Access
Factors Affecting Adolescents' Willingness to Communicate Symptoms During Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review from the Children's Oncology Group.
(Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology, 2019-04) McLaughlin, Colleen A; Gordon, Kristi; Hoag, Jennifer; Ranney, Lori; Terwilliger, Nancy B; Ureda, Tonya; Rodgers, Cheryl
The purpose of this systematic review is to (1) synthesize evidence facilitators and barriers affecting adolescent willingness to communicate symptoms to health care providers (HCPs) and (2) create practice recommendations. The PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time) question guiding the review was, among adolescents with cancer, what factors affect their willingness to communicate symptoms to HCPs? Three databases, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO, were searched using keywords from the PICOT question. Inclusion criteria included original research studies with samples of at least 51% adolescents aged 10-18 years who were receiving or had received cancer treatment. Studies were included that evaluated outcomes related to willingness to communicate in general as well as communication of specific treatment symptoms. Exclusion criteria included systematic reviews and publications emphasizing cancer screening, cancer prevention, survivorship, or decision making. A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Two of the studies focused on symptom communication; the remaining nine studies focused on general communication or the overlap between general and symptom communication. Barriers to symptom and/or general communication included negative expectations, health-related uncertainty, ambiguousness with assessments, unfamiliarity, restriction of information, perceived negative provider characteristics/behaviors, adolescent circumstance, worry about others' perceptions, and provider approach. Facilitators to symptom and/or general communication included open communication, perceived favorable provider characteristics/behaviors, seasoned adolescent, and patient-provider rapport. Five practice recommendations were developed from the evidence that supports general and symptom communication between adolescents who are receiving or have completed cancer treatment and their HCPs.
Open Access
Fear, avoidance and physiological symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder.
(Behav Res Ther, 2013-07) Aderka, Idan M; McLean, Carmen P; Huppert, Jonathan D; Davidson, Jonathan RT; Foa, Edna B
We examined fear, avoidance and physiological symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Participants were 177 individuals with generalized SAD who underwent a 14-week group CBT as part of a randomized controlled treatment trial. Participants filled out self-report measures of SAD symptoms at pre-treatment, week 4 of treatment, week 8 of treatment, and week 14 of treatment (post-treatment). Cross-lagged Structural Equation Modeling indicated that during the first 8 weeks of treatment avoidance predicted subsequent fear above and beyond previous fear, but fear did not predict subsequent avoidance beyond previous avoidance. However, during the last 6 weeks of treatment both fear and avoidance predicted changes in each other. In addition, changes in physiological symptoms occurred independently of changes in fear and avoidance. Our findings suggest that changes in avoidance spark the cycle of change in treatment of SAD, but the cycle may continue to maintain itself through reciprocal relationships between avoidance and fear. In addition, physiological symptoms may change through distinct processes that are independent from those involved in changes of fear and avoidance.
Open Access
Impact of Dominant Symptom on 12-Month Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery.
(Neurosurgery, 2020-10) Devin, Clinton J; Asher, Anthony L; Archer, Kristin R; Goyal, Anshit; Khan, Inamullah; Kerezoudis, Panagiotis; Alvi, Mohammed Ali; Pennings, Jacquelyn S; Karacay, Bernes; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Bisson, Erica F; Knightly, John J; Mummaneni, Praveen V; Foley, Kevin T; Bydon, Mohamad
Background
The impact of symptom characteristics on outcomes of spine surgery remains elusive.
Objective
To determine the impact of symptom location, severity, and duration on outcomes following lumbar spine surgery.
Methods
We queried the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) for patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery for lumbar degenerative spine disease. Multivariable regression was utilized to determine the impact of preoperative symptom characteristics (location, severity, and duration) on improvement in disability, quality of life, return to work, and patient satisfaction at 1 yr. Relative predictor importance was determined using an importance metric defined as Wald χ2 penalized by degrees of freedom.
Results
A total of 22 022 subjects were analyzed. On adjusted analysis, we found patients with predominant leg pain were more likely to be satisfied (P < .0001), achieve minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (P = .002), and return to work (P = .03) at 1 yr following surgery without significant difference in Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D) (P = .09) [ref = predominant back pain]. Patients with equal leg and back pain were more likely to be satisfied (P < .0001), but showed no significant difference in achieving MCID (P = .22) or return to work (P = .07). Baseline numeric rating scale-leg pain and symptom duration were most important predictors of achieving MCID and change in EQ-5D. Predominant symptom was not found to be an important determinant of return to work. Worker's compensation was found to be most important determinant of satisfaction and return to work.
Conclusion
Predominant symptom location is a significant determinant of functional outcomes following spine surgery. However, pain severity and duration have higher predictive importance. Return to work is more dependent on sociodemographic features as compared to symptom characteristics.
Open Access
Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Northern Tanzania: A Modeling Approach Within a Prospective Observational Study.
(Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021-08) Hertz, Julian T; Madut, Deng B; Rubach, Matthew P; William, Gwamaka; Crump, John A; Galson, Sophie W; Maro, Venance P; Bloomfield, Gerald S; Limkakeng, Alexander T; Temu, Gloria; Thielman, Nathan M; Sakita, Francis M
Background Rigorous incidence data for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Consequently, modeling studies based on limited data have suggested that the burden of AMI and AMI-associated mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is lower than in other world regions. Methods and Results We estimated the incidence of AMI in northern Tanzania in 2019 by integrating data from a prospective surveillance study (681 participants) and a community survey of healthcare-seeking behavior (718 participants). In the surveillance study, adults presenting to an emergency department with chest pain or shortness of breath were screened for AMI with ECG and troponin testing. AMI was defined by the Fourth Universal Definition of AMI criteria. Mortality was assessed 30 days following enrollment via in-person or telephone interviews. In the cluster-based community survey, adults in northern Tanzania were asked where they would present for chest pain or shortness of breath. Multipliers were applied to account for AMI cases that would have been missed by our surveillance methods. The estimated annual incidence of AMI was 172 (207 among men and 139 among women) cases per 100 000 people. The age-standardized annual incidence was 211 (263 among men and 170 among women) per 100 000 people. The estimated annual incidence of AMI-associated mortality was 87 deaths per 100 000 people, and the age-standardized annual incidence was 102 deaths per 100 000 people. Conclusions The incidence of AMI and AMI-associated mortality in northern Tanzania is much higher than previously estimated and similar to that observed in high-income countries.
Open Access
Lyme Disease Serology.
(JAMA, 2016-04-26) Lantos, Paul M; Auwaerter, Paul G; Nelson, Christina A
Open Access
Withdrawal severity and early response to treatment in the outpatient transition from opioid use to extended release naltrexone.
(The American journal on addictions, 2018-09) Mannelli, Paolo; Swartz, Marvin; Wu, Li-Tzy
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Long acting naltrexone has improved the therapy of opioid use disorder (OUD), and safe and effective withdrawal management during naltrexone induction may help advance treatment. Despite the uncertain role of opioid withdrawal in predicting successful outcomes, early symptom control may favor detoxification completion. METHODS:We explored withdrawal severity and early response to treatment, safety, and clinical measures in 35 adult patients with DSM-5 OUD during a 7-day office-based buprenorphine-naltrexone and ancillary medications transition to extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). RESULTS:Subjective and objective measures of withdrawal intensity improved consistently throughout treatment in the whole sample. Participants who went on to receive XR-NTX (n = 27, 77%) reported a greater attenuation of symptoms by treatment day 2 (r = .595, p = .001), and were less likely to be injection drug users (r = -.501, p = .004). Adverse events (AEs) were recorded in 20% of participants: the majority (n = 6, 85.7%) consisted of single episodes of increased withdrawal which were well controlled using ancillary medications. One serious AE was unrelated to treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE:Early opioid withdrawal changes may be a useful indicator of treatment response, helping adjust the transition protocol to the individual patients' need and gather valuable information for a better understanding of the relationship between initiating and remaining in treatment. (Am J Addict 2018;27:471-476).

Browsing by Subject "Symptom Assessment"

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